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Download Physical Geography of Europe, Canada, Latin America, & Australia
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PLOWING through the GEOGRAPHY of Europe, Canada, Latin America, and Australia Political Geography of Europe, Canada, Latin America, & Australia LABEL THE FOLLOWING COUNTRIES ON THE MAPS Belgium Italy Spain France Poland Ukraine Germany Russia United Kingdom Australia Physical Geography of Europe, Canada, Latin America, & Australia Land Features Canadian Shield European Plain Iberian Peninsula Scandinavian Peninsula Ayers Rock Deserts Atacama Great Victoria Mountains Andes Sierra Madre Rocky Pyrenees Ural Alps Rivers/Lakes Amazon St. Lawrence Danube Rhine Great Lakes Salt Water Caribbean Gulf of Mexico Hudson Bay Mediterranean Sea Coral Sea Pacific Ocean Atlantic Ocean Other Water Panama Canal English Channel Great Barrier Reef Impact of Location, Climate & Natural Resources on Population Distribution (where people live and how they trade/economy) LATIN AMERICA Mexico Venezuela Seven major seaports help along Pacific, Caribbean, and Gulf of Mexico U.S. is largest trading partner. Most people live in central part of country, where there is arable farmland and large manufacturing centers. 75 % of population lives in cites. Major exports: oil, manufactured goods, crops, tourism Four major seaports on Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean Many trading partners around the world. Most people live in northern highlands, along the coast, 88% of population lives in cities, not much arable farmland Major exports: oil (90% of exports!), steel, agricultural products, tourism Brazil Cuba Seven major seaports along Atlantic coast U.S. is largest trading partner. Most people live in along the coast, 84% live in cities. Largest country in Latin America Major exports: transportation equipment, iron ore, soybeans, coffee, manufactured goods, tourism Three major seaports on Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean Venezuela is largest trading partner. Largest island in West Indies. Most people live in cities: 20% live in Havana, the capital city. Major exports: sugar, nickel, tobacco, fish, citrus, coffee, tourism CANADA Most people live in the southern part of Canada because the arctic climate in the north is a serious obstacle to development. Canada has a wealth of natural resources, and is the US’s largest foreign supplier of energy. Canada’s strategic location in North America, with access to three major bodies of water, allows for easier movement of goods and services between other countries. One strong influence on the agricultural industry in Canada is the climate. Canada will always rely on other countries to meet its agricultural needs. EUROPE United Kingdom Russia Location: Islands bordered by North Sea and Atlantic Ocean makes UK a trading hub. Climate: Mild climate good for farming, warmed by Gulf Stream, 25% of land is arable Natural Resources: Deposits of coal, petroleum, natural gas and iron ore form backbone of manufacturing industry Location: Large country spanning two continents. European side is landlocked. Climate: Two seasons: winter and summer. Most ports on Arctic ocean are blocked by ice. Cold climate makes it hard for Russians to trade and use their natural resources. Natural Resources: forests, mineral deposits, hydroelectric power (Volga River) Germany Italy Location: In north-central Europe, on the European Plain. Rhine River is very important for trade. Many cities are found along the Rhine. Most densely populated country in Europe. Climate: Mild winters and cool summers in the West, cold winters and hot summers in the East Natural Resources: minerals, timber, arable land, steel Location: Peninsula in Southern Europe, surrounded by Mediterranean Sea, with 12+ major seaports. Separated from mainland Europe by the Alps. Most people live in northern Italy Climate: Coastal regions have mild winters and dry summers, mountainous regions have cold, wet winters and subtropical summers Natural Resources: minerals, marble, fish, arable land AUSTRALIA Most Australians live along the coastline. Much of the country’s interior is barren and unsuitable for farming; however, many mineral lie beneath the surface. Australia exports more coal and iron ore than any other country. China is Australia’s largest neighbor, and its major trading partner. Australia exports many natural resources to China, and imports affordable finished goods like cars and dishwashers. Australia’s remote location makes travel to and from the island difficult. Foreign tourists only account for about ¼ of the tourist industry. Environmental Issues of Europe, Canada, Latin America, & Australia We have studied many environmental issues this year including, acid rain, air pollution, deforestation, resource extraction, oil pollution and the nuclear disaster at Chernobyl. Air Pollution and Acid Rain What causes acid rain? What causes air pollution? Air pollution mixes with rain Auto and factory emissions Issues associated with air pollution include… Poor air quality Breathing problems and lung cancer, Hazy, polluted skies filled with smog make it hard to see Can lead to acid rain Issues associated with acid rain include… damage to vegetation and aquatic (water) life, contamination of drinking water, damage to physical structures such as buildings and monuments. Which countries we have studied are experiencing air pollution? Mexico & the UK Which countries we have studied are experiencing acid rain? Canada & Germany What is important to remember about this environmental issue? Reducing use of fossil fuels can help solve the problem of air pollution. Air pollution in one country can easily affect neighboring countries. What is important to remember about this environmental issue? sulfur deposits from Germany have become a problem to neighboring countries when they are carried through the air causing acid rain in those countries as well Nuclear Disaster / Radioactivity Where did this happen? Chernobyl, Ukraine What happened at Chernobyl? In 1986, the nuclear reactor at Chernobyl power plant exploded. Tons of radioactive material poisoned the air and water around the plant, and entered the air, traveling to neighboring countries. The area was unsafe for years. What is important to remember about this environmental issue? Radioactive pollution was not contained to the Ukraine. Depletion of Natural Resources Deforestation – Clear-cutting is when all the trees are removed from a large area of forest Which countries we have studied are experiencing deforestation? Canada (timber industry) & Brazil (Amazon Rainforest) What is important to remember about this environmental issue? Clear-cutting leads to reduced water quality, erosion, and loss of habitat The logging industry is the major cause of deforestation in Canada The Amazon Rainforest is home to many species that can’t be found anywhere else in the world. Resources extraction – vast mineral deposits (especially gold, silver, copper, zinc) are found under the rocky soil of the Canadian Shield Which countries we have studied are experiencing resource extraction? Canada specifically on the Canadian Shield What is important to remember about this environmental issue? Pollution related to mining impact the Canadian cities to the south Mining processes release sulfur dioxide, producing acid rain Lands around mines are damaged Chemicals are dumped into surrounding rivers and lakes Water Pollution Oil Pollution What causes oil pollution? How does water pollution happen? Oil spills along coast Factories use lakes as a dumping ground Which countries we have studied are experiencing water pollution? Canada – Great Lakes Which countries we have studied are experiencing oil pollution? Venezuela What is important to remember about this environmental issue? Canada and US must work together to fight the pollution of the Great Lakes. Both countries are responsible for the problem, and will benefit from clean water. What is important to remember about this environmental issue? Oil pollution hurts fishing industry on coast, release of carbon dioxide leads to air pollution, removal of oil from ground changes landscape Culture of Europe, Canada, Latin America, & Australia ? EUROPE Judaism Christianity Islam Holy Book Torah Bible Koran (Qur’an) Founder Abraham Jesus (deciples) Muhammad When? About 2000 BC About 30 AD About 610 AD Number of Gods monotheistic monotheistic monotheistic Beliefs Laws one God and words of his prophets: actions and following laws are important Teachings of Jesus: love of God and neighbor, regard for justice Five Pillars: prayer, charity, belief in Allah, fasting, pilgrimage to Mecca Number of Followers 15 million 2.1 billion 1.3 billion Major Sects Orthodox, Conservative, Reform Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Protestant Sunni Shiite Diversity of Language Europe is home to more than 200 native languages. Most languages fall into three main categories: Germanic (English and German), Romance (Italian, French) and Slavic (Russian). Having so many languages can be a problem. It is difficult to live, work, and trade with people who cannot communicate with each other. Europeans have worked hard to solve this problem. The EU has 23 “official” languages to make sure people can understand laws and decisions made by the government. CANADA The Europeans who settled Canada came mainly from Great Britain and France. When the settlers came to the New World, they brought their languages and religions with them. Today, Canada is a bilingual nation: its two official languages are French and English. Canada’s religion is also a result of its history. Christianity (both Catholic and Protestant) is the major religion in Canada. Culture of Europe, Canada, Latin America, & Australia LATIN AMERICA Latin America is ethnically diverse because of a blending of indigenous Americans, Europeans and Africans. Members of these three groups have intermarried and developed unique cultures over time. This blending of cultures is evident in the languages, religions and arts of Latin America. For example, elements of African and Catholic religious practices can be seen in the Caribbean religions of voodoo, Santeria, and Shango. The term “Latin America” was first used in the 1800s to describe the countries of Central and South America and the Caribbean that speak mostly languages based on the ancient language of Latin (mainly Spanish and Portuguese). As the Portuguese and Spanish conquered lands in Latin America, they often usurped the native language and religion of the region. Because Spain conquered large parts of central and South America, Spanish is still the predominant language spoken in Latin America. Brazil, however, was Portugal’s South American prize. As a result, Portuguese is the official language of Brazil. The Spanish and Portuguese spread their culture and religion across the region and developed communities that were similar to their home countries. The official religion of both Spain and Portugal was Roman Catholic, and it is still the most common religion in Latin America today. AUSTRALIA Australia’s official language is a result of British colonization and expansion. British prisoners and their guards first brought the English language to Australia in the 1700s. As settlers spread across the continent over the next 100 years, they spread the English language with them. Today, English is the most common language in Australia. Europeans introduced Christianity to Australia in 1788. Irish convicts were mostly Roman Catholic. Other convicts and their guards were Anglicans and Methodists. Today, most Australians are Christian, with the Roman Catholic and Anglican churches claiming the most members. The word aborigines means “the people who were here from the beginning.” The Aborigines arrived in Australia over 40,000 years ago from SE Asia. They had no written language, and relied on songs and stories to pass their history and culture from one generation to the next.
