Download THE 13 COLONIES

THE 13 COLONIES
REVIEW
Before we get to the 13 colonies, lets review
what has happened to lead up to the
establishment of the 13 colonies……
Review
So far, we have learned that many European nations
began to send explorers around the world hoping to
claim land, find riches, and spread their religion. Many
nations were looking for the Northwest Passage which
was a shortcut through North America to reach Asia
for trade.
Once the American continents
were discovered European countries (nations)
competed with each other to claim the most land.
CONQUISTADORS ( SPANISH EXPLORERS
Review
In order to compete with Spain and France,
England sent many people to the east coast of
America to establish colonies. England was
happy to support the growth of colonies
(towns) in America because it helped
England claim land in the New World.
The First Colony
After several early attempts, English
colonization became a success in 1607 when
the Virginia Company of England sent a group
of men to Jamestown, Virginia to build a
colony.
Jamestown would become the first
permanent and successful English colony
in America.
REVIEW
Twenty years after the start of Jamestown, another
group of people called the Pilgrims headed to America
from England.
Unlike the Jamestown colonists who wanted land and
a chance to make money, these Pilgrims were
looking for religious freedom. The Pilgrims landed
just north of Virginia, in Plymouth Massachusetts, and
began the Plymouth colony.
PURITANS AND PILGRIMS
Government in the Colonies
All of the colonies were settled with
The permission of the king of England.
The King of England issued
charters (formal documents) that
outlined the colony’s boundaries and
how it would be governed.
• However, since the colonies were so far
away from England they still needed to
be able to make their own laws to keep
peace and order.
I’m the king of
England!
I control the 13
colonies!!
Early
Government
• Since the colonies were so far from England,
most of the colonies were allowed to have
self-rule (self-government) where they
developed laws for themselves
The first form of self-rule in the colonies began
with the Pilgrims as they signed the
Mayflower Compact on their way to
Massachusetts.
House of Burgesses and
Representative Government
Many of the colonies decided to create
assemblies where members of the community
could get together and discuss concerns in the
colonies. Often people would elect
representatives to speak on behave of the
colony as a whole.
The House of Burgesses became the first
form of a representative government in
THE HOUSE OF BURGESSES
( Representative Government- where you elect representatives)
England claims land along the
Atlantic Coastline
• Over time, more and more people headed from
Europe to America. England claimed most of the
land along the east coast of America so many
people who landed in what would become the 13
colonies were from the European nation of
England.
The 13 Colonies
• By 1770 the America had grown into 13 English
colonies. These colonies developed distinctive
(unique) ways of life that would affect the
development of America for years to come.
People in the Colonies
Most of the colonists felt they were citizens of
England even though they were in the
American colonies.
Many colonists came to America for the chance
to own land and start a new life or job in
America. Others came to find religious freedom.
There were some who did not have a choice.
People in the Colonies
A number of convicts (people in jail) were forced
to go to America to work off their debts(money
you owe) as indentured servants. And millions
of people were kidnapped from Africa and taken
to the colonies to work as slaves.
What is an Indentured Servant?
An indentured servant is a person who
signed an indenture( agreement) to work
for a master for a period of years in
exchange for something. For example,
land or a ride to America
were both common things these
poor servants wanted to work for.
Indentured servants were not free until they completed
their term of service. Most indentured servants were
released from their master after they completed around
7 years of work.
Grouping the 13 Colonies
By 1733, there were 13
British/English colonies
along the Atlantic coastline.
They can be grouped into
three distinct regions: The
New England, Middle, and
Southern Colonies. These
regions had different
climates and resources that
encouraged settlers to
develop different ways of
life.
Map of the 13 colonies
NEW ENGLAND
MIDDLE
SOUTHERN
THE
NEW ENGLAND
COLONIES
New England Colonies
( The New England region included the colonies of
Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut and New Hampshire.)
In New England, farming was difficult because of
the long, cold winters, rocky soil and hilly
wilderness. However, the sea and forests
produced useful resources and ways to make a
living.
NEW ENGLAND
In the New England Colonies, religion and
geography were two of the greatest influences
of life in New England.
The Puritans and Pilgrims of this region hoped to
build model communities based on their
religious faith. New England’s forests and
coastline made lumbering, shipbuilding and
trade very important to the region’s economy.
• pictures
Middle Colonies
Middle Colonies
(New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware. )
The landscape of this region ranged from rich soil
to the wooded mountains. Farmers in the Middle
Colonies raised a wide variety of crops and
livestock. Lumbering, shipbuilding and other
occupations added to the variety of opportunities
in these colonies.
The middle colonies became a center for trade
between the 3 colonial regions.
Middle Colonies
The Middle Colonies had rich soil, allowing the
area to become a major exporter of wheat and
other grains. Due to the regions production of
wheat and grain, the Middle Colonies have also
become known as the Bread Basket Colonies.
The lumber and shipbuilding industries enjoyed
success in the Middle Colonies, and
Pennsylvania saw moderate success in the textile
and iron industry.
IRON
INDUSTRY
The Quakers
The Middle Colonies were the most
ethnically diverse British colonies in
North America, with settlers coming from
all parts of Europe. There were many
religious and ethnic groups in the
middle colonies.
One of the these religious groups in the Middle Colonies were the
Quakers as known as the Society of Friends. They were led by
William Penn and believed in a simple lifestyle and treating people
equally. They believed in treating Native Americans fairly and
paying them for their land. They also refused to fight in wars or
pay dues to the Church of England. Eventually, the Quakers
would become a dominant group in the fight to end the slave
trade.
William Penn and the
Quakers
• pictures
The Southern Colonies
Southern Colonies
(Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, and Georgia. )
This region featured large rivers and vast
wetlands that merged into the sea. Here the soil
was fertile and the hot wet climate made it an
ideal region to grow tobacco, rice and other cash
crops
(cash crops= crops that are grown only to make
money/cash and not to just be eaten, like
tobacco)
Plantations in the South
• In the Southern Colonies, the climate and geography
of the region made it a perfect place to grow cash
crops like tobacco, cotton and rice.
• As more and more people began to grow cash crops,
giant farms called plantations began to appear in the
South. At first European indentured servants worked
on this large farms however, as time went on, slaves
from Africa became the main source of labor in the
Southern Colonies.
SLAVERY IN THE SOUTH
• Although slavery could be found in all
of the 13 colonies the majority of the
slaves were found in the South working
on the large plantations. For example
in the Maryland Colony, African slaves
made up more than 50 to 60 percent of
the overall population
Life for slaves working on the Southern plantations was
very difficult. They were treated as though they were
animals and had no rights. The slaves were often ripped
apart from their families and forced to work long hard days in the
fields. If they tried to fight back they were often brutally punished.
The Backcountry
• pictures
The Backcountry
The Backcountry was distant from the dense
coastal cities of the 13 colonies. This was the
area away from the coast and closer to the dense
woods and meadows of the Appalachian
Mountains, far away from the big cities. The
people of the Backcountry faced more threats
such as attacks from Native Americans and
isolation. Their life was very rural and rugged.