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ECE 4110 – Internetwork Programming Tuna Tugcu GTREP [email protected] Outline General information about the course: Objective Textbooks and web site Labs and C programming language Rules Review of computer networks: Definitions and architecture OSI model Internetwork connections Spring 2003 Tuna Tugcu ECE 4110 – Internetwork Programming 2 Objective Understand how the Internet works IP addressing TCP/IP Flow control, congestion avoidance, etc. Routing Linux kernel Hands on networking exercises Sockets programming TCP/IP Protocol implementation Spring 2003 Tuna Tugcu ECE 4110 – Internetwork Programming 3 Textbooks and Web Site We will use three textbooks: TCP/IP Illustrated: Volume I (Stevens) Unix Network Programming (Stevens) TCP/IP Protocol Suite (Forouzan) Lots of additional resources mentioned on the web site. http://www.gtrep.gatech.edu/academics/ece/summer03/4110.html Course material and announcements Spring 2003 Tuna Tugcu ECE 4110 – Internetwork Programming 4 Labs We will have 8-10 labs. Each day late -10 points Maximum 7 days late; o/w you will get zero from that lab. We will use Linux OS. Digilab I in Chatham Center Tech 2118 in GaSoU Lab hours TBA Installing Linux on your PC is encouraged. Topics: TCP-UDP traffic generators, network sniffing, IP forwarding, routing and queuing, etc. Spring 2003 Tuna Tugcu ECE 4110 – Internetwork Programming 5 C Programming Language Yes, you need to learn C language (but not C++). I will teach some basic concepts in C, but remember that this is not a C Programming course. You have to study mostly by yourself. Spring 2003 Tuna Tugcu ECE 4110 – Internetwork Programming 6 Rules Grading: Three tests (20% each) Final exam (20%) Labs (20%) Open books, but not notes You know the difference between discussing with friends and cheating. Spring 2003 Tuna Tugcu ECE 4110 – Internetwork Programming 7 Introduction to Computer Networks Network: Collection of devices (computers, printers, etc.) that are able to communicate with each other. internet: Collection of more than one networks. Internet: You know … Spring 2003 Tuna Tugcu ECE 4110 – Internetwork Programming 8 Internet Hierarchy 9 * From TCP/IP Protocol Suite, B. A. Forouzan, Prentice Hall Introduction Protocol: Set of rules that define what is communicated when and how. Protocols are defined by standards: (cont’d) De facto De jure Standard bodies, forums, and agencies: ISO, ITU-T (formerly CCITT), ANSI, IEEE, EIA, Frame Relay Forum, ATM Forum, FCC. Spring 2003 Tuna Tugcu ECE 4110 – Internetwork Programming 10 OSI Model 11 * From TCP/IP Protocol Suite, B. A. Forouzan, Prentice Hall OSI Model (cont’d) Layered architecture Peer processes Interfaces between layers (use of primitives) (1) Physical Layer: Transmits bit streams over a physical medium. [representation of bits; synchronization; transmission mode (simplex, half-duplex, full-duplex); etc.] Spring 2003 Tuna Tugcu ECE 4110 – Internetwork Programming 12 OSI Model (cont’d) (2) Data Link Layer: Provides link connectivity. [framing; physical addressing; flow, error, and access control]. MAC is a sublayer of data link layer. (3) Network Layer: Provides network connectivity, i.e., delivery of packets from source to destination. Each packet is handled independently (no flow concept). [logical addressing; routing] Spring 2003 Tuna Tugcu ECE 4110 – Internetwork Programming 13 OSI Model (cont’d) (4) Transport Layer: Provides end-toend connectivity, i.e., flow control for a sequence of packets. [SAP; segmentation and reassembly; connection, flow, and error control] Connectionless Connection-oriented Spring 2003 Tuna Tugcu ECE 4110 – Internetwork Programming 14 SAR in Transport Layer 15 * From TCP/IP Protocol Suite, B. A. Forouzan, Prentice Hall OSI Model (cont’d) (5) Session Layer: Provides dialog control and synchronization. (6) Presentation Layer: Provides syntax and semantics interoperability. [encoding translation; encryption; compression] (7) Application Layer: Provides network virtual terminal, file transfer, mail, and directory services. Actually, the last three layers are very thin or non-existent. Spring 2003 Tuna Tugcu ECE 4110 – Internetwork Programming 16 Data exchange in OSI Model 17 * From TCP/IP Protocol Suite, B. A. Forouzan, Prentice Hall Node-to-Node Delivery 18 * From TCP/IP Protocol Suite, B. A. Forouzan, Prentice Hall End-to-End Delivery 19 * From TCP/IP Protocol Suite, B. A. Forouzan, Prentice Hall Connecting Multiple Networks 20 * From TCP/IP Protocol Suite, B. A. Forouzan, Prentice Hall Repeater • • • Physical layer. Connects two segments of a LAN. Regenerates the signal in one segment and transmits to the other. 21 * From TCP/IP Protocol Suite, B. A. Forouzan, Prentice Hall Hub • • • • Physical layer Multiport repeater Implements star topology. Hub removes the length limitation. How ??? 22 * From TCP/IP Protocol Suite, B. A. Forouzan, Prentice Hall Bridge • Two layers. • Has filtering capability. • Most bridges today are transparent they learn the physical (MAC) addresses of the stations connected directly. 23 * From TCP/IP Protocol Suite, B. A. Forouzan, Prentice Hall Router • Physical, data link, and network layers. • Provides LAN/LAN, LAN/WAN, WAN/WAN connectivity. (Repeaters, hubs, and bridges connect the segments of the same LAN.) 24 * From TCP/IP Protocol Suite, B. A. Forouzan, Prentice Hall Router (cont’d) Three important points about a router: For each interface, there is one physical (MAC) and one logical (IP) address. If the arriving packet at an interface is NOT destined to that interface, the router ignores the packet. The router changes both the source and destination physical addresses in the packet. Spring 2003 Tuna Tugcu ECE 4110 – Internetwork Programming 25 Switch Two-layer switch: Unique interface for each terminal no competing traffic. A better design for bridge. Three-layer switch: Same as a router in functionality; just better in performance. A better design for router. Spring 2003 Tuna Tugcu ECE 4110 – Internetwork Programming 26