Download IPTV

IPTV
(Internet Protocol Television)
Speaker : Chi-Wen Yang
Advisor : Kai-Wei Ke
Date : 2007/10/29
2007/10/29
無線與寬頻網路實驗室
台北科技大學資訊工程系所
1
Reference
• Jian-Guang Luo, Yun Tang, Meng Zhang, Li Zhao,
Shi-Qiang Yang. "Design and Deployment of a Peerto-Peer Based IPTV System over Global Internet."
Department of Computer Science and Technology
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
• Francis E. Retnasothie*, M. Kemal Ozdemir*, Tevfik
Yiicektt, Hasari Celebitt, Joseph Zhang*, and Ranesh
Muththaiah*. "Wireless IPTV over WiMAX:
Challenges and Applications." University of South
Florida, Department of Electrical Engineering 4202 E.
Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL, 33613.
2007/10/29
無線與寬頻網路實驗室
台北科技大學資訊工程系所
2
Outline
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•
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IPTV Introduction
P2P IPTV System over Global Internet
Wireless IPTV over WiMax
Conclusion
2007/10/29
無線與寬頻網路實驗室
台北科技大學資訊工程系所
3
Outline
• IPTV Introduction
2007/10/29
無線與寬頻網路實驗室
台北科技大學資訊工程系所
4
IPTV
• IPTV (Internet Protocol Television) is a
system where a digital television service is
delivered by using Internet Protocol over a
network infrastructure, which may include
delivery by a broadband connection. A
general definition of IPTV is television content
that, instead of being delivered through
traditional broadcast and cable formats, is
received by the viewer through the
technologies used for computer networks.
2007/10/29
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5
IPTV characteristic
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完善的互動介面
電視不再是單向的資訊提供
可針對收視戶的需要提供一對一的服務
高畫質（HD）影像
H.264 高畫質影像播放
資訊傳遞快速
與網際網路（Internet）資訊互通
資訊取得容易、迅速
通信運用
網路電話（IP Phone）
視訊會議（ Video Conference ）
延伸性（跨國界）
無遠弗屆
2007/10/29
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IPTV application(1)
• 電視（TV）
• 從DVBT 信號接收機上盒將發展到重於高畫質電視（HDTV）播
放。
• DVB-T、DVB-C、DVB-S、DVB-H
• IP-TV
• 節目表查詢(EPG)
• 節目錄影(PVR)
• Time Shift(時移)
• 隨選影視（VOD）
• 結合電子商務機制，收視戶可透過電視隨時挑選付費收看HD
Video（high definition Video）影片。
• 透過DRM 技術，提供影片線上即時收看（Streaming）或下載後
收看（Download），保護影片盜看或複製。
2007/10/29
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IPTV application(2)
• 電視購物（TV Shopping）
• 結合電子商務機制，營造出多媒體（廣告影片、商片相片、圖片、
文字介紹）互動購物環境。
• 付款方式提供收視戶以信用卡刷卡付費或晶片金融卡轉帳付費。
• 透過互動特性，容易收集收視戶對商品喜好程度，並可針對收視
戶背景做交叉分析，以利未來行銷計畫。
• 開創另一商品銷售強勢通路。
• 生活資訊
• 網際網路資訊取得迅速。
• 運用互動的特性，收視戶可快速的查找食、衣、住、行相關資訊。
• 新聞報導；氣象報導；航班、火車、捷運班次查詢；路況報導；
樂透、統一發票獎號查詢；旅遊資訊查詢…….
2007/10/29
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IPTV application(3)
• 金融理財
• 家庭銀行
• 晶片金融卡轉帳、繳費、繳稅、帳戶餘額查詢、更改提款卡密碼，
將銀行搬到家庭中。
• 股市、期貨
• 股市、期貨資訊查詢、分析（圖表分析、股市分析師即時解盤影
片）。
• 即時下單。
• 教育學習
• 互動學習
• 營造多媒體互動學習環境，收視戶可選擇所要學習的科目、課程，
並透過知識庫提問，線上模擬測驗。
• 遠距教學
• 即時廣播教學，收視戶可透過電視與實體教學教室學習及互動。
2007/10/29
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IPTV application(4)
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視訊電話
單方通話、多方視訊會議
視訊、語音信箱
通訊即時錄影、錄音
家庭自動化環境控制
室內照明控制
室內溫度控制
影像監控系統
室內紅外線、瓦斯預警
居家保全預警
居家看護
結合家用醫療檢測器材，系統儲存及分析檢測結果數據，並自動
透過網路傳輸至醫療院所，進行醫療諮詢建議或緊急送醫。
• 醫療檢測可包括：血壓、血脂、體溫、血糖、體重、尖峰流量(氣
喘)、心電圖及血氧含量等。
2007/10/29
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IPTV application(5)
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個人化服務
晶片會員卡加值服務
加值服務
付費頻道、付費互動服務
點數消費
網路部落格
與網際網路Blog 結合，文章、相片、影片可透過IPTV 分享給親
朋好友。
• E-Mail 收發
• 與網際網路E-Mail 系統結合
2007/10/29
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IPTV業務發展情况
• IPTV業務發展情况：
–
–
–
–
1999年－英國Video Networks率先推出
2004年－歐洲、亞洲及北美等國家進行規模試驗和建置
2006年－33個電信營運商推出業務，800萬用户
預估 －2008年用户2600萬用户、收入150億美元
2007/10/29
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IPTV結構層---ITU標準組織之觀點
Other Telecom aspects
(SG13)
Mobile aspects (SG19)
SG2+SG16
Overall Architecture
Service
(Server)
Service
(User)
Service
(User)
Charging/
Accounting
(SG3)
OAM/Manag.
(SG4)
Security (SG17)
Middleware
?
QoS/QoE/NP
(SG12 + SG13)
Traffic/NNAR
(SG2)
Control (SG11)
Cable aspects
(SG9)
Transport
Home
Access
Core
Access
Home
FTTx, xDSL, Cable, Satellite, WLAN, WiMax, DMB etc.
SG9 (Cable), SG15 (Transport), SG19 (mobile), other SODs
2007/10/29
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IPTV平台分層架構
與其他支援系統連結（可選）
業務支援
相關營運系統
業務管理
內容管理
營運服務平台
營
運
支
援
系
統
加值業務平台
內容製作平台
串流媒體服務平台
EPG系統
骨幹網絡
傳輸網路
區域網絡
ADSL / LAN / WLAN接取
終端用戶
2007/10/29
IPTV終端
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IPTV service server 實體模型
CDN Structure Information
CDN Structure Info Server
PF Structure Information
PF Structure Info
Server
Metadata
Metadata Server
License
Terminal
CAS/DRM Server
Backend Server
Interactive Page
VOD Streaming
Platform
Provider
CDN
Portal Server
Content Server
(VOD Streaming)
Download Content
Content Server
(Download)
IPTV Service Stream
Service
Provider
IP Broadcasting
(Streaming Server)
Access Network
2007/10/29
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IPTV --DRM技術
目前，DRM成熟的產品
主要是WMV－DRM、
Real－DRM，對Mpeg－
4和H264兩種格式的
DRM尚無成熟的產品
原
始
內
容
內
容
製
作
MPEG-4
加密系統
金鑰生成
Key
內容傳
送系統
加密
H.264
Key
節目信息
金鑰管理系統
2007/10/29
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版權發
佈中心
16
IPTV編碼技術
• 視訊編碼技術
• 目前的標準有MPEG－4ASP、H．264、VC－1和AVS幾種
• VC－1︰
•
支援的廠商不多
• AVS︰
•
中國自己開發的標準，其具體發展趨勢尚須觀察
• MPEG－4︰
•
應用廣泛，在1．5M～2M的bit rate下，可以達到接近
DVD的畫質效果
• H．264 ︰
•
編解碼效率比MPEG4的效率高5％～15％，從技術的演
進來看H．264視訊編碼標準，被認為是下一階段的必然選
擇
2007/10/29
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Outline
• P2P IPTV System over Global Internet
2007/10/29
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P2P based file sharing system
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Napster
Gnutella
KazaA
BitTorrent
2007/10/29
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P2P based live streaming system
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PPLive
PPStream
TVAnts
FeiDian
Gridmedia
2007/10/29
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The structure of Gridmedia system
2007/10/29
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Elements of Gridmedia system
• Rendezvous Point（RP）server
– The RP server is used to facilitate the login process of
new arriving peers.
• Streaming server
– The streaming server in Gridmedia is almost the same
to traditional C/S servers. When it is connected to by a
peer, it will send the live content to the peer.
• Peers
– The peers mainly comprises two parts of the
unstructured overlay organization and push-pull
streaming schedule.
2007/10/29
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Unstructured Overlay Organization
• In Gridmedia, end nodes are organized into an
unstructured overlay networks.
• On each node, there is an overlay manager component to
take charge of finding appropriate neighbors by gossip
protocol so that the application layer network can be
successfully built up.
• A new arriving node firstly contacts the RP server to get a
list of the nodes already in the overlay (candidates list),
which could be regarded as the login process.
• The newly participating node will select several nodes
from the candidates list as its initial neighbors as follows:
– It measures the Round-Trip Time (RTT) to each
candidate.
– it chooses some nodes with the minimum RTT as one
part of its initial neighbors.
2007/10/29
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Unstructured Overlay Organization
• Each node should maintain a list of neighbor nodes.
• Due to the frequent come and leave of peers, the list
should be updated from time to time.
• The member tables is then encapsulated into a
message and exchanged among neighbors
periodically. After receiving the message, the node
will update its member table accordingly.
• Each node delivers an "alive message" to all its
neighbors periodically to declare its existence.
• Once a node quits, it will broadcast a "quit message"
to all its neighbors. This message will be flooded
within a limitation of hop count.
2007/10/29
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Push-Pull Streaming Schedule
• Pull mode in DONet/CoolStreaming.
• Every peer in DONet periodically exchanges buffer
map of video packets with partners, and then
retrieves the absent packets from partners which
reported to have the packets.
2007/10/29
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Push-Pull Streaming Schedule
• Peer B fetching a packet from peer A:
– A sends information to tell B that the packet is in
its local buffer.
– If B needs this packet, it sends request to A about
the packet.
– A sends the packet to B after it received the
request from B.
• The time used to get a packet is at least 3 times to
the end-to-end delay (EED) between A and B
assuming the EED is symmetric.
• To reduce the overhead of information exchanged
between peers, the buffer map and requests will only
be sent periodically.
2007/10/29
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Push-Pull Streaming Schedule
• Use a push-pull streaming mechanism in Gridmedia
in which the pull mode of receiver and push mode of
sender are used alternatively between partners.
• Each node uses the pull method as a startup, and
after that each node will relay a packet to its
neighbors as soon as the packet arrives without
explicit requests from the neighbors.
• A pulling packet of a node is delivered by a neighbor
only when the packet is requested.
• A pushing packet is relayed by a neighbor as soon as
it is received.
2007/10/29
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Push-Pull Streaming Schedule
• Each node works under pure pull mode in the first
time interval when just joining.
• Based on the traffic from each neighbor, the node will
subscribe the pushing packets from its neighbors
accordingly at the end of each time interval.
• The lost packets induced by the unreliability of the
network link or the neighbors quit will be pulled as
well from the neighbors at the same time.
2007/10/29
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Experiments on PlanetLab
• PlanetLab is an open platform for experimenting,
developing, deploying, and accessing planetary-scale
services.
• It had about 500 nodes over about 250 sites all over
the world, only around 350 nodes are available online
at the same time.
2007/10/29
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Experiments on PlanetLab
• DEDICATED NODES IN OUR EXPERIMENTS ON
PLANETLAB
2007/10/29
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Experiments on PlanetLab
• A packet generator runs on the root node to
simulate the media streaming and transmits
the packets to the local peer directly.
• RP helps new nodes to participate the overlay.
• Log collecting server is deployed to gather
log report packets sent by all the peers, such
as control overhead, neighbor information,
delivery ratio, traffic distribution, etc.
• The control node is responsible for
commanding the active nodes on PlanetLab
to participate or depart the overlay.
2007/10/29
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Experiments on PlanetLab
• PARAMETERS IN EXPERIMENTS
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Experiments on PlanetLab
•
Comparison
between pull and
push-pull method in
both static and
dynamic
environment without
upload bandwidth
limitation
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
2007/10/29
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Experiments on PlanetLab
•
Comparison
between pull and
push-pull method in
both static and
dynamic
environment with
upload bandwidth
limitation to 500
Kbps for each node
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
2007/10/29
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PRACTICAL IS SUES OF
SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
• Revise the developing codes to make system
reliable, other practical issues includes NAT
and firewall traversal, system monitoring, and
user management.
• In Gridmedia, use STUN（Simple Traversal
of UDP through NAT）to traversal the NATs.
• To traversal the firewalls, Gridmedia allows
the peer to fetch data from other peers
through HTTP connections.
2007/10/29
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PRELIMINARY STATISTICAL
RESULTS
•
2007/10/29
Number of concurrent online users over time
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Outline
• Wireless IPTV over WiMax
2007/10/29
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Wireless IPTV over WiMAX
• Since WiMAX PHY supports varying frame sizes and
scalable bandwidth, WiMAX is an ideal choice for
IPTV applications.
• WiMAX base stations (BSs), subscriber and mobile
stations (SSs/MSs) are ideally suited for the delivery
of IP based services; (triple play) VoIP, IPTV, internet
multimedia over wireless MAN.
• This makes WiMAX a superior choice over
conventional cable, DSL, and satellite solutions.
2007/10/29
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System model for IPTV applications
2007/10/29
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Protocol Stack for IPTV
Transmission
2007/10/29
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Wireless IPTV over WiMAX
• IPTV transmission requires higher payload capacity,
therefore, it poses a challenge in providing maximum
service, efficient delivery of IP based payload
including voice, video, multimedia and Internet over
wireless.
• For real time streaming video services, UDP ports
can be used and for video on demand (VoD), TCP
ports can be used.
• Broadcast, multicast or unicast services are also
supported.
• There can be multiple packets from various sources
that must be delivered to targeted users with different
QoS parameters making it a challenging task.
2007/10/29
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Medium Access Control (MAC)
Layer (1)
• The IEEE 802.16 MAC is logically
divided into three sublayers:
– convergence sublayer (CS)
• IPTV packets over Ethernet are received from
the network as MAC SDUs. Received packets
are then classified based on their TCP/UDP
port, source/destination, IP, MAC address etc.
Each packet is then assigned to a connection
for transmission over the air.
2007/10/29
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Medium Access Control (MAC)
Layer (2)
– common part sublayer (CPS)
• The packets are fragmented and/or packed for
the efficient use of available bandwidth.
Fragmentation also enables automatic request
(ARQ) services to minimize retransmission.
MAC PDUs are constructed in this sublayer.
Packets are scheduled based on service level
agreements (SLA) and quality of service (QoS)
requirements for both DL and UL. Ultimately,
the frame in which IPTV packets will be
transmitted is prepared in this layer.
2007/10/29
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Medium Access Control (MAC)
Layer (3)
– security sublayer (SS)
• The packets are encoded to prevent theft of
service. Key exchanges between SSs and for
secure authenticated transmission, the use of
cyclic redundancy check (CRC) are also
implemented in this sublayer.
2007/10/29
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MAC scheduler for IPTV
Applications
•
2007/10/29
MAC QoS architecture
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IEEE 802.16 QoS Service Classes
2007/10/29
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MAC scheduler for IPTV
Applications
• Scheduling services represent the data handling
mechanisms supported by the MAC scheduler for
data transport on a connection.
• Packet Classifier block will send the packet header's
information to Connection Control component.
• Connection Control assigns CID and service flow ID
(SFID) to the corresponding packet or flow.
• Each SFID will be related to a set of QoS parameters
stored in QoS Policy component.
• MAC management component handles dynamic
service access/change (DSA/DSC)'s transaction and
dynamically change QoS parameters.
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Outline
• Conclusion
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The Future of IPTV
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Standard Def. Television(SDTV)
High Def. Television (HDTV)
Video-on-Demand (VOD)
Interactive program guide
calling/conferencing
Web browsing on TV
Music channels
place
+
Local programming
Voice services
Emergency services
Information services
Personal Video Recorder (PVR)
Integration
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> Interactive information
> Content portability
> Video clips on-demand
> Video
> Video messaging
> Network based time &
shifting
> Peer-to-Peer Video
> Home automation
> On-line dating
> Personalized advertising
> Wireless/Wireline
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Conclusion
• A peer-to-peer (P2P) based IPTV system in global
Internet : Gridmedia.
• It reduce the playback latency at end users as well as
offer resilience to high chum rate in peer community,
and hence organizes end users into an unstructured
overlay while proposes an efficient push-pull
streaming mechanism to distribute video segments
among partner nodes.
• The practical issues when perfecting a prototype on
testbed to a publicly released platform.
– Improve system performance in terms of startup
delay and streaming quality of service.
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Conclusion
• With WiMAX offering high data rates to both mobile
and fixed users, and the desire of users to watch
real-time TV or VoD services make the
implementation of IPTV over WiMAX an exciting killer
application.
• Broadcast IPTV packets are in general unpaid
services, while unicast IPTV packets are paid
services. Hence the delivery of unicast packets is
more critical than the broadcast packets, requiring
different QoS parameters.
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