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LTE – Long Term Evolution
LTE – Agenda
 LTE Basic
 LTE RoadMap
 LTE Architeture
 LTE Access Network
 LTE Channels
 LTE Link Budget - Example
EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez
Ericsson Confidential
2
LTE Overview
2008-04-03
Aim of Long Term Evolution
 Increased Capacity
 Reduce Network Complexity
 Lower deployment and operating cost
EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez
Ericsson Confidential
3
LTE Overview
2008-04-03
Wireless Broadband
Main vendor strategies
Vendor
HSPA
LTE
EV-DO
UMB
Mobile
WiMAX
Cooperation
with Huawei
Sold to ALU 2006
Focus
Support
EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez
Ericsson Confidential
4
LTE Overview
2008-04-03
Mobile broadband speed evolution
Reported
Subscriptions (million)
7 000
6 000
5 000
4 000
3 000
2 000
LTE Evolution
1 000
0
2006
Other
2007
CDMA
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Mobile WiMAX GSM/GPRS/EDGE WCDMA
HSPA
2013
LTE
LTE
HSPA Evolution
HSPA
3G- R’99
Peak rate
384 kbps
2002
EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez
3.6 Mbps
7/14 Mbps
2005
Ericsson Confidential
2007
5
21/28/42 Mbps
~150 Mbps
Target
1 Gbps
2008/2009
2009
2013
LTE Overview
2008-04-03
Evolution path for mobile systems
3GPP
GSM
EDGE
WCDMA HSPA
TD-SCDMA
3GPP2
CDMA1X
EV-DO
• Verizon Wireless selects
LTE*
• QCOM announces LTECDMA chipsets**
• Other to follow
Official press releases
* November 29, 2007
** February 7, 2008
*** February 13, 2008
EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez
LTE
- FDD
- TDD
• Harmonized
LTE TDD
• China Mobile
join Vfe and
VzW
FDD/TDD
trials***
Ericsson Confidential
6
LTE Overview
2008-04-03
LTE SAE Commercial Path
Validate
technology
2007
EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez
2008
Ericsson Confidential
7
First vendor
selection
2009
LTE Overview
LTE Commercial
deployment
2010
2008-04-03
LTE performance
Downlink, 3GPP simulations
100
LTE FDD 20 MHz, Average
LTE FDD 10 MHz, Average
LTE FDD 5 MHz, Average
90
User throughput (Mbps)
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
500
1000
Number of broadband subscribers
1500
 Same spectrum usage
 Equal power, 20 W
 Site-to-site distance: 500m
Wider carrier => higher bit rate and trunking gains
EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez
Ericsson Confidential
8
LTE Overview
2008-04-03
LTE – Key factors
 LTE
–
High Data Rates
 > 100 Mbps – Downlink
 > 50 Mbps – Uplink
 Channel Setup < 100 ms
 Why ?
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez
Mobile Broadband Tendency
Customers need for more Spectral Efficience platform for Mobile
data communicattion. ( Cost of Bits / Hz)
Efficient – Reducing OPEX & CAPEX
Easy to deploy (self configuring/optimizing)
TDD / FDD & Spectrum Flexibility
New Services (IPTV & Games in Real Time)
High Performance for Broadcast Services
Wide Range of Terminals
Increase Service Provisioning
Ericsson Confidential
9
LTE Overview
2008-04-03
LTE – Mobile Broadband Tendency
EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez
Ericsson Confidential
10
LTE Overview
2008-04-03
LTE – First Options to deploy






High Dense Urban Areas
Areas with High Packet Data Traffic
Hot Spots
Indoor Buildings
Urban , Suburban , Rural Areas etc.
Easy Integration with 3G/2G networks
EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez
Ericsson Confidential
11
LTE Overview
2008-04-03
LTE – Terminals

Examples of Terminals that to be available for LTE
EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez
Ericsson Confidential
12
LTE Overview
2008-04-03
LTE – Roadmap
LTE – Evolution
EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez
Ericsson Confidential
14
LTE Overview
2008-04-03
LTE – Smooth Migration
EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez
Ericsson Confidential
15
LTE Overview
2008-04-03
LTE – Long Term Evolution
Architeture
WCDMA (HSPA) x LTE – Access Network
WCDMA System Architeture
LTE System Architeture
RAN
EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez
Ericsson Confidential
17
LTE Overview
2008-04-03
EPS (SAE/LTE)
Internet,
Internet,
Operator
Service etc.
Operator Service etc.
EPC - Evolved Packet Core
EPC
eUTRAN - LTE RAN
eUTRAN
EPS
EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez
Multiple terminals
PC-Cards/Dongles/FWTs
Modules in many
types of devices
Mobile terminals
EPS – Evolved Packet System
Ericsson Confidential
18
LTE Overview
2008-04-03
eUTRAN (LTE) interfaces
Logical view
MME/GW
S1-C
S1-C
Evolved
Packet
Core
S1-C
Evolved
UTRAN
X2
eNode B
EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez
X2
eNode B
Ericsson Confidential
19
eNode B
LTE Overview
2008-04-03
LTE – eNodeB
 LTE eNodeB
–
–
–
–
Coding, Interleaving, modulation & typical layer functions.
ARQ, Header Compression & layer functions
Security Functions (Ciphering / Integrity Protection )
eNodeB take decisions about Handover & scheduling for
uplink and downlink.
– Radio Resources Control functions
– Connected to the Core Network with S1 Interface (similar
as Iu)
– X2 is similar to Iur Interface, mainly used to support the
Active Mode Mobility.
EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez
Ericsson Confidential
20
LTE Overview
2008-04-03
LTE – Long Term Evolution
Core Network
WCDMA (HSPA) x LTE – Core
WCDMA System Architeture
EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez
Ericsson Confidential
22
LTE - SAE System Architeture Evolution
LTE Overview
2008-04-03
WCDMA LTE - Core
 LTE Core
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez
Introduction of EPC – Evolved Packet Core
SAE just covers Packet Switched Domain
HSS is the same as HLR in GSM/WCDMA network
HSS uses the S6 interface
eNodeB is connected to the EPC by S1 Interface
EPC acts as anchor in the SAE Core Network for mobility
Charging
Management of Subscriber
Mobility Management ( roaming )
QOS Handling
Policy Control of Data Flows
Interconection with External Networks
Ericsson Confidential
23
LTE Overview
2008-04-03
SAE: System Architecture Evolution
IP networks
S7
”WSM module”
PCRF
S7c
S7b
Wx*
HSS
S7a
AAA
Wm*
HLR
S6a
SGi
Gr
S2a
S6c
PDN GW
S2b
S5/S8
S4
S2c
Serv GW
S11
SGSN
MME
S3
S103
S101/102
S10
ePDG
Wn*
Gb
S12
Iu-C
S1-C
Mobility
Management
2G Entity
(MME): The MME
manages mobility,
UE identities and
security parameters
EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez
3G
Ericsson Confidential
LTE
24
S1-U
Wn*
Wa*
Non-3GPP
Non-trusted
LTE Overview
S9
PDN Gateway (PDN
GW): The PDN
Gateway is the node
that terminates the
SGi interface
towards the PDN
The Serving
Gateway is the node
that terminates the
interface towards
LTE RAN
Ta*
Non-3GPP
Trusted
Eg cdma
2008-04-03
LTE – Long Term Evolution
Access Network
Key LTE radio access features
 LTE radio access
OFDMA
– Downlink: OFDM
– Uplink: SC-FDMA
SC-FDMA
 Advanced antenna solutions
– Diversity
– Beam-forming
– Multi-layer transmission (MIMO)
TX
TX
 Spectrum flexibility
– Flexible bandwidth
– New and existing bands
– Duplex flexibility: FDD and TDD
EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez
Ericsson Confidential
26
1.4 MHz
LTE Overview
20 MHz
2008-04-03
LTE – Access Network
 LTE employs OFDMA in DL and SC-FDMA in UL
 LTE basic charactheristics:
–
–
–
–
Flexibility bandwidth (from 1.4 Mhz to 20 MHZ).
Orthogonally in uplink and downlink.
Modulation : QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM.
FDD (frequency division duplex), HD FDD ( half frequency
division duplex & TDD (time Division Duplex are
supported).
– Advanced Antenna Technology – MIMO is used in downlink
to allow high peak rates.
EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez
Ericsson Confidential
27
LTE Overview
2008-04-03
LTE – Access Network
 Spectrum Flexibility
EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez
Ericsson Confidential
28
LTE Overview
2008-04-03
LTE – Access Network
EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez
Ericsson Confidential
29
LTE Overview
2008-04-03
LTE – Long Term Evolution
Channels
Channel Structure – Downlink and Uplink
Uplink
Downlink
MTCH MCCH
PCCH
BCCH
DTCH DCCH
DTCH
CCCH
DCCH
CCCH
“type of information”
(traffic/control)
pri sec
PCH
MCH
BCH
Logical Channels
RACH
UL-SCH
DL-SCH
Transport Channels
“how and with what
characteristics”
(common/shared/mc/bc)
PDCCH
info
PMCH
PBCH
-Sched TF DL
-Sched grant UL
-Pwr Ctrl cmd
ACK/NACK
-HARQ info
PDSCH PCFICH PDCCH
PHICH
Physical Channels
PUCCH
PUSCH PRACH
ACK/NACK
CQI
Scheduling req.
EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez
Ericsson Confidential
31
LTE Overview
“bits, symbols,
modulation, radio
frames etc”
2008-04-03
LTE – Logical Channels ( type of Information)
–
BCCH ( Broadcast Control Channel )
 Used for transmission of system control information to all
mobiles in the cell. Prior to access the network the mobile
needs to read the information on BCCH to find out how the
system is configured, for example the bandwidth.
–
PCCH ( Paging Control Channel )
 used for Paging of Mobiles whose location on cell level in
not know to the network.
–
DCCH ( Dedicated Control Channel )
 Used for Transmission of control information to/from
mobile. This channel is used for individual configuration of
Terminals such as differents kinds of handover messages.
EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez
Ericsson Confidential
32
LTE Overview
2008-04-03
LTE – Logical Channels ( type of Information)
– MCCH ( Multicast Control Channel )
 used for transmission of control information
required for reception of the MTCH.
– DTCH ( Dedicated Traffic Channel )
 used for transmission of user data to/from
a mobile terminal. This is the logical channel type
used for transmission of all uplink and non-MBMS
downlink user data.
– MTCH ( Multicast Traffic Channel )
 used for downlink transmission of MBMS
services.
EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez
Ericsson Confidential
33
LTE Overview
2008-04-03
LTE – Transport Channels
–
BCH ( Broadcast Channel )
 Fixed Tranport Format
 Used for identification of cells & transmission of BCCH
logical channel.
–
RACH ( Random Access Channel )
 Used for Access the Network from theTerminal.
 Limited control information and colission risk.
–
PCH ( Paging Channel )
 is used for transmission of paging information on the
PCCH logical channel. The PCH supports discontinuous
reception (DRX) to allow the mobile terminal to save
battery power by sleeping and waking up to receive the
PCH only at predefined time instants.
EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez
Ericsson Confidential
34
LTE Overview
2008-04-03
LTE – Transport Channels
– DL-SCH (Downlink Shared Channel)
 Used for transmission of data in LTE
 DL SCH TTI is 1 ms
 Support Features as Dynamic Rate Adaptation &
Channel Dependent Scheduling in time and
frequency domain.
– MCH ( Multi Cast Channel)
 Used to support MBMS
– UL - SCH ( Uplink Shared Channel )
 Used for transmission of data in LTE
 UL SCH TTI 1 ms
 Support Features as Dynamic Rate Adaptation &
Channel Dependent Scheduling in time and
frequency domain.
EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez
Ericsson Confidential
35
LTE Overview
2008-04-03
LTE – Link budget &
Dimensioning
LTE – Dimensioning Process
EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez
Ericsson Confidential
37
LTE Overview
2008-04-03
LTE – Uplink Coverage Example
UPLINK
low
UE Output power
21dBm
Number of RB
1
UE Output power/RB
21dBm
UE Output power/RB
0,13W
Thermal noise
-174
Noise factor RBS
2,2
User bitrate 64 kbps
SNR
-2,4
RBS Sensistivity -121,6 dBm
Antenna gain
18
Feeder loss
0
Jumper loss
0
ASC insertion loss
0
Body loss
0
Penetration loss
22
PC marg
0
Fading margin
3,1
medium
21dBm
5
14dBm
0,03W
-174
2,2
250 kbps
-3,5
-122,7 dBm
18
0
0
0
0
22
0
3,1
high
extra high
21dBm
21dBm
5
10
14dBm
11dBm
0,03W
0,01W
-174
-174
2,2
2,2
500 kbps
1000 kbps
0,0
0,0
-119,2 dBm -119,2 dBm
18
18
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
22
22
0
0
3,1
3,1
Max pathloss unloaded
135,5 dB
129,7 dB
126,2 dB
123,1 dB
Interference level
Interference margin
Max pathloss
Range 1
Range 2
50%
1,1
134,5 dB
674 m
915 m
50%
1,1
128,58 dB
455 m
618 m
50%
1,1
125,1 dB
361 m
490 m
50%
1,1
122,1 dB
295 m
401 m
EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez
Ericsson Confidential
38
Pue,rb
Nt
Nf
Rinfo
SNR
SRBS=Nt+Nf+10*log(Wrb)+SNR
Ga
Lf
LJ
LASC
LBL
LBPL+LBPL
BPC
BLNF
Lpmax_no load = PUE – SRBS +Ga– LF – LJ –
LASC– BIUL– LBL – LCPL – LBPL– BPC– BLNF
LTE Overview
Interference Margin
Lpmax=Lpmax_no load - BIUL
COST231
Okumura-Hata
2008-04-03
LTE – Downlink Coverage
DOWNLINK
DCH/Shared Ch power
Number of RB
DCH/Shared Ch power/RB
DCH/Shared Ch power/RB
Thermal noise
Noise factor RBS
SNR
Receiver Sensistivity
Antenna gain
Feeder loss
Jumper loss
ASC insertion loss
Body loss
Penetration loss
PC marg
Fading margin
low
40W
46dBm
100
26dBm
0,4W
-174
7
-8,0
-122,4 dBm
18
3
0
0,2
0
22
0
3,1
medium
high
extra high
40W
40W
40W
46dBm
46dBm
46dBm
100
100
100
26dBm
26dBm
26dBm
0,4W
0,4W
0,4W
-174
-174
-174
7
7
7
-4,3
-0,8
2,2
-118,8 dBm -115,3 dBm -112,3 dBm
18
18
18
3
3
3
0
0
0
0,2
0,2
0,2
0
0
0
22
22
22
0
0
0
3,1
3,1
3,1
Max pathloss unloaded
138,2 dB
134,5 dB
131,0 dB
128,0 dB
Interference level
Interference margin
Max pathloss
Range 1
Range 2
Range 3
Signal attenuation
Receiver Sensistivity
SNR
User bitrate/RB (MIMO)
Total user bitrate (MIMO)
50%
5,9
132,3 dB
581 m
790 m
864 m
142,6
-122,4
-8,0 dB
10,0 kbps
1,0 Mbps
50%
5,9
128,6 dB
455 m
618 m
680 m
138,9
-118,8
-4,3 dB
36,0 kbps
3,6 Mbps
50%
5,9
125,1 dB
361 m
490 m
541 m
135,4
-115,3
-0,8 dB
86,0 kbps
8,6 Mbps
50%
5,9
122,1 dB
295 m
401 m
444 m
132,4
-112,3
2,2 dB
159,0 kbps
15,9 Mbps
EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez
Ericsson Confidential
39
HP RUL 40W
20MHz bandwidth
Ptx,rb
Nt
Nf
SNR
SUE=Nt+Nf+10*log(Wrb)+SNR
Ga
Lf
LJ
LASC
LBL
LBPL+LBPL
BPC
BLNF
Lpmax_no load = Ptx,rb – SUE +Ga– LF – LJ – LASC– BIUL– LBL –
LCPL – LBPL– BPC– BLNF
BIDL
Lpmax=Lpmax_no load - BIDL
COST231
Okumura-Hata
Verizon
Lsa,max=Lpmax (UL) + BLNF + LBL + LCPL + LBPL - Ga + LJ
SUE=Ptx,rb-Lsa,max-BIDL
SNR=SUE-Nt-Nf-10*log(Wrb)
Rrb
R=Nrb*Rrb
LTE Overview
2008-04-03
LTE – Bandwidth x Requirement UL
–
Downlink Link Throughput at Cell Border with the following
requirements
:
UL – 500 Kbps
UL – 1500 Kbps


RESULTS
Bandwidth (MHZ)
# RB
UL Bit Rate Requirement
Cell Range - Cost 231 - 2,6 Ghz
Max DL Throughput at Cell Edge (Mbps)
1,4
3
5
10
15
20
6
15
25
50
75
100
500
500
500
500
500
500
295
303
303
274
261
247
0,67
1,61
2,58
4,90
7,20
9,4
Bandwidth (MHZ)
# RB
UL Bit Rate Requirement
Cell Range - Cost 231 - 2,6 Ghz
Max DL Throughput at Cell Edge (Mbps)
1,4
3
5
10
15
20
6
15
25
50
75
100
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
85
207
225
219
219
216
0,68
1,68
2,75
5,25
7,73
10,1
EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez
Ericsson Confidential
40
LTE Overview
2008-04-03
Ericsson LTE Deployment
 LTE rollout for AT&T in the US
 Nationwide 4G/LTE rollout for TeliaSonera in Norway
and Sweden
Ericsson to build commercial 4G network for
TeliaSonera
 Verizon Wireless Fosters Global LTE Ecosystem
 MetroPCS Announces Vendors for 2010 4G LTE
Launch
 First IPR agreements
 NTT DoCoMo Japan
EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez
Ericsson Confidential
41
LTE Overview
2008-04-03
EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez
Ericsson Confidential
42
LTE Overview
2008-04-03