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CMU/GM Collaborative Research Lab Wireless Broadband Access for the Automobile: Applications and Enabling Technologies Dan Stancil Acknowledgements: Ratish Punnoose, Stanley Wang, Richard Tseng, He Huang, James Casazza, James Grace, Jessica Hess, Kevin Borries, Jacob Meyers, Tony Nolla, Priya Narasimhan, Ed Schlesinger Jay Parikh July 29, 2003 CMU/GM Collaborative Research Lab Outline • Where we’ve been • Where we’re going CMU/GM Collaborative Research Lab Wireless Networking: Where We’ve Been • Understanding – Interference between Bluetooth and 802.11b characterized – Basic understanding of noise from small number of interferers established (Ph.D. thesis) – Coverage of 2.4 GHz signals within a vehicle for different antenna placements • Infrastructure – Communications Resource Management using CORBA middleware: • Scalable, flexible architecture proposed • Demo of interactions between cellphone agent, CD player agent, speech agent, and sound agent (Video demo available) CMU/GM Collaborative Research Lab Co-existence in Unlicensed Bands • A number of wireless technologies are in use in the unlicensed bands. – 802.11, Bluetooth, ITS services, many proprietary point-topoint wireless connections. • Future wireless technologies are likely to use the ISM bands. – No need for licenses, rather wide bandwidth, worldwide availability, decreases time to market. CMU/GM Collaborative Research Lab Interference • These wireless devices share the frequency spectrum. • Operation of devices interferes with the working of other devices using the same band. • Effects can be seen as: – Reduced data rate. – Increased error rate. – And sometimes, a failure to operate. • Exact behavior of co-existing devices is not wellcharacterized. CMU/GM Collaborative Research Lab BT Interference on 802.11b Rx BT Laptop Tx Power Splitter 802.11b Tx ATT Laptop Attenuator Rx VAR ATT ATT ATT 802.11b Rx Variable Attenuator -6dB Isolator BT Laptop Laptop Tx Directional Coupler CMU/GM Collaborative Research Lab Performance of 802.11b with Bluetooth Interference % lost packets Signal strength =-61dBm 20 11 Mbps 15 10 5 0 -55 -50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -25 -20 Signal strength =-61dBm % lost packets 60 2 Mbps 40 20 0 -55 -50 -45 -40 -35 S/I in dB -30 CMU/GM Collaborative Research Lab Theory for 802.11/Bluetooth Interference 802.11 Packet Bluetooth Packet Frequency Time CMU/GM Collaborative Research Lab Noise Distribution • The noise values have a probability distribution. CMU/GM Collaborative Research Lab PDF of Gaussian Noise + Interference CMU/GM Collaborative Research Lab In-vehicle Communication • Vehicle will likely participate in local 2.4 GHz networks with personal electronic devices – Bluetooth – Wi-Fi • Unobtrusive antennas are needed that can be camouflaged • Optimum antenna placement decreases power and reduces interference to other electronics – Useful to know the propagation coverage within the vehicle CMU/GM Collaborative Research Lab Test Vehicle Setup • Pontiac Montana • Transmitting antenna placed on dashboard and ceiling • Empty vehicle, and with driver Dash Ceiling CMU/GM Collaborative Research Lab Effect Of People • Obstruction by the driver or other passengers CMU/GM Collaborative Research Lab Results Showing Effect of Driver Dash location without driver -25 Dash location and driver present -30 -30 150 -35 100 -40 50 -45 0 -50 Front of Car (cm) Front of Car (cm) 150 -25 -35 100 -40 50 -45 0 -50 -55 0 100 200 Side of Car (cm) 0 300 -60 dB loss 100 200 Side of Car (cm) 300 -55 -60 CMU/GM Collaborative Research Lab Communication Components of CMU/GM Vehicle Testbed Palm/PDA Speakers PDA Cradle USB Controller Jog Dial/ Mouse Wheel USB Controller Finger Print Recognition Firewire Controller Digital Camera Microphone WaveLAN Sound Card CellPhone USB Controller Firewire Controller Radio Card TV Card EtherNet Serial Controller Vehicle’s ECU - RPM, MPH, etc Serial Controller GPS Receiver CDPD Modem Acknowledgement: Asim Smailagic, Dan Sieworek, Rapid Prototyping Class (Fall 2001) VGA Controller Touch Screen Temperature Sensor CMU/GM Collaborative Research Lab Communication System Architecture Goals • Provide support for different data service requirements. • A manager to arbitrate resources. • Provide easy access to commonly used functions (eg. GPS) • Provide a framework for building software agents that have to interact with each other. • Minimal change to existing applications. CMU/GM Collaborative Research Lab Software Interaction using CORBA Traffic going to the outside CORBA Interface Direct Interaction Event Distribution Internet Access Channels Per-link QOS information Proximity Alert Fuel Sensor Route Planner QOS based Data Routing GPS ITS/ Emergency Info Communications Resource Manager Publisher/Subscriber Transport using the CORBA Event Service TV, AM, FM, DAB, Cellular Call Request CMU/GM Collaborative Research Lab Demo Video CMU/GM Collaborative Research Lab Middleware Comparisons Client CORBA TAO/C++ CORBA Java IDL OSGi Mean: 163 SD: 6.5 Mean: 796.0 SD: 638.0 Mean: 12.5 SD: 110.0 Server CORBA TAO/C++ CORBA Java IDL OSGi Mean: 45700.5 J2EE SD: 18750.5 J2EE CMU/GM Collaborative Research Lab Where We’re Going • Understanding – Peer-to-peer propagation channel at 2.4 GHz and 5-6 GHz • Infrastructure – Van experimental infrastructure update – Peer-to-peer wireless links using technologies such as Bluetooth and 802.11a,b,g – Middleware testbed for agent and communication resource architecture and management – Intelligent mobile IP client • Applications – DSRC – Short-range transactions – Real-time traffic information CMU/GM Collaborative Research Lab Experimental Van: Before & After Original infrastructure Updated infrastructure CMU/GM Collaborative Research Lab Peer-to-Peer Networking • Exchange of emergency/traffic information • “Walkie-talkie” style communication between vehicles • Allow one vehicle to function as a network portal for nearby vehicles • Exchange of diagnostic information • Facilitate platoon formation for efficient highway travel CMU/GM Collaborative Research Lab Peer-to-Peer Testbed • Collect extensive propagation data between vehicle pairs using different frequencies and technologies – 802.11b, 802.11a, UWB • Enable demonstrations of application concepts • Results will facilitate selection of most promising technologies • Provide GM with background to influence evolving standards CMU/GM Collaborative Research Lab Vehicle Mobility in the Internet • A vehicle may have a different Internet address for each network attachment point. • This allows it to access Internet servers but it is not easily accessible due to changing IP addresses. • The vehicle needs to be accessed for diagnostics and status information. • Mobile IP provides seemingly continuous Internet access to its Mobile Hosts by obtaining an IP address from its Home Agent. • With Mobile IP each vehicle can be addressed using a single IP address, regardless of the point of connection. CMU/GM Collaborative Research Lab Mobile IP Design . Application Basic Entities: MN = Mobile Node HA = Home Agent FA = Foreign Agent CH = Correspondent Node TCP/UDP IP (routing) CN Home Network HA Foreign Network FA MN CMU/GM Collaborative Research Lab Advantages of MoIP • Transparency – Continue using its home address. – Ability to communicate after disconnect & reconnect. – Change its point of attachment. • Compatibility – Support of any lower layer that IP runs on. – No change to ordinary hosts and routers. – Communicate with unaware nodes. CMU/GM Collaborative Research Lab Birdstep Intelligent Mobile IP Client • Allows seamless roaming between networks without having to restart VPN session! • Presently being installed at CMU Note: FA only required under certain circumstances, such as NAT traversal CMU/GM Collaborative Research Lab Proposal: Traffic Companion • Pittsburgh has an extensive network of traffic condition sensors • Mobility Technologies, Inc. (http://www.mobilitytechnologies.com) is commercializing this technology • http://www.traffic.com/Pittsburgh/index.html • PennDOT has an extensive network of traffic cameras • http://www.epenndot.com/traffic_cams.php# CMU/GM Collaborative Research Lab Traffic.com map • http://www.traffic.com/Pittsburgh/index.html Map updated every minute CMU/GM Collaborative Research Lab PennDOT Traffic Cam Images • Images updated every minute http://www.epenndot.com/traffic_cams.php# CMU/GM Collaborative Research Lab Could we put access to this in the vehicle? • Connectivity via Verizon 1X wireless data + hotspot roaming • Real-time traffic conditions • Just-in-time route planning • Using cyclic patterns to predict best route • Useful but non-distracting graphical interface CMU/GM Collaborative Research Lab Summary • Past Projects – Unlicensed coexistence – Communications Resource Management using Middleware – 2.4 GHz propagation coverage in and around vehicle • Future Directions – Peer-to-peer test bed • Propagation channel • Middleware architecture – Mobile IP Intelligent client for seamless roaming – CMU Traffic Companion for real-time traffic planning CMU/GM Collaborative Research Lab For More Information • • • • • • • “Interference Between Devices in the ISM Band.” - Ratish Punnoos/Dan Stancil “Antenna Placement in Vehicles: Electromagnetic Propagation at 2.4 GHz.” - James Casazza, James Grace, Ratish Punnoose, Dan Stancil “Communications Resource Management for Advanced Telematics Applications.” -Richard Tseng, Ratish Punnoose, Stanley Wang, Dan Stancil, Ed Schlesinger Communications Resource Manager Video- Stanley Wang “Interoperability, Performance Evaluation and Adaptation of CORBA, OSGi and J2EE for Telematics Applications.” - He Huang, Ratish Punnoose, Priya Narasimhan, Dan Stancil “Peer-to-Peer Unlicensed Communication Between Automobiles.” James Casazza/James Grace “Wireless Broadband Access for the Automobile: Applications and Enabling Technologies.” - James Casazza/James Grace