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PRESENTATIONS IN NETWORK MANAGEMENT SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocol Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE 1 SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols Objectives / Contents SNMP Principles SNMP Information Representation SNMP Operation Remarks Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE 2 SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols SNMP Principles Introduction Components Multi-Vendor Principles Information Flow Framework Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE 3 SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols Introduction to SNMP For TCP/IP Networks: – Internet / Extranet /Intranet (multi-vendor distributed networks) First issued in 1989 – Developed by IEFT (Internet Research Task Force) Subsidiary of IAB (Internet Architecture Board) – Supported by 70 vendors SNMPv3: 1998 Widely implemented / with (+) Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE 4 SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols SNMP Components A Computer Running Management Software (with GUI) Host SNMP Management Station Agent Managed Node Management LAN Managed Node Printer Process Bridge Agent Router Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE Agent Agent Managed Node Managed Node 5 SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols SNMP Multi-Vendor Principles An Agent for Every Managed Node – to run SNMP management process Variables (Objects) – to describe the state of each device Information (Format) Specification – – – – ANS-1: Standard Object Definition Language SMI: Defines (SNMP) Data Structures MIB: Data Structure for (Variables) Objects (Uses SMI) BER: Basic Encoding Rule (transfer syntax) (sequence of bytes for transmission) Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE 6 SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols SNMP Information Flow Managed Node Agent Devices Devices Device Using SMI (ASN-1) Rules to Describe Objects (Variables) Object Object Object Object Object Object Variables to describe devices Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE Using BER Rules to Convert SMI Data Structures into a Sequence of Bytes MIB Data Structure Modules Sequence of Bytes for Transmission SNMP Operations 7 SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols SNMP Framework Protocol: “Manager-Agent” interaction BER: Basic Encoding Rules MIB: Management Information Base (Database on managed devices) SMI: Structure of Management Information (Rules of describing management information) Sub-Super-Set of: ASN-1: Abstract Syntax Notation One Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE 8 SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols SNMP Information Representation SMI: Structure of Management Information MIB: Management Information Base BER: Basic Encoding Rules Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE 9 SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols SMI Data Types (Examples) INTEGER A 32-bit integer BIT STRING A string of 0 or more bits Primitive Data OCTET STRING A string of 0 or more bytes Types NULL A variable with no value (place holder) OBJECT An officially defined data IDENTIFIER type (based on standards) Additional User Defined Types Types Application Specific Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE 10 SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols SMI: OBJECT IDENTIFIER (1/2) Top Level ccitt (0) iso (1) iso-ccitt (2) org (3) dod (6) Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE Internet (1) 11 SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols SMI: OBJECT IDENTIFIER (2/2) Internet (1) mgmt (2): Standard objects registered by IANA (Internet Assigned Number Authority) mgmt (2) mib-2 (1) system (1) Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE private (4) security (5) {Internet (1) 2 1} = {1 3 6 1 2 1} interfaces (2) ip (4) 12 SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols MIB: Definitions of Objects MIB is the definition of “objects” that should be provided on each managed node by the SNMP “agent”. An “object” is a quantity or a field that describes one functional aspect of a device. Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE MIB objects are arranged in “groups” Some groups relate to “layer” of the protocol stack. Other groups relate to the system as a “whole” 13 SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols SNMP MIB Architecture Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE MIB MIB MIB MIB MIB MIB MIB Application TCP / UDP ICMP IP ARP Data Link Physical 14 SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols Internet Protocols User Interface: E-mail / http / ftp /… Application TCP / UDP ICMP IP ARP Transmission Control Protocol Internet Control Message Protocol Data Link Physical Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE User Data-gram Protocol Internet Protocol: Addressing / Routing / Congestion Control Address Resolution Protocol Point-to-Point Control: LAN / WAN Communication Interface: T-R / Links 15 SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols BER Structure Every value transmitted consists of up to 4 fields: The identifier identifies the item that follows The length of the data field in bytes The data field End-of-contents flag, if the data length is unknown Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE 16 SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols BER Structure: The Identifier 2-bits 1-bit 5-bits Tag / Type Data Type 00 universal 01 application 10 context specific 11 private 0 primitive 1 constructed Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE Value Identification Number 17 SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols BER Structure: Examples 00000010 00000001 00110001 Identifier Length Value 00000011 00000010 01111000 Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE Integer: 49 78 01111001 79 (Hex) (Hex) String “xy” 18 SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols SNMP Operation Principles Manager-Agent Basic Interaction Messages Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE 19 SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols SNMP Operation Principles Asynchronous (Request-Response) Operation – to run SNMP management process SNMP Trap – An “agent” notices a significant event and report the event to its management stations Trap Directed Polling – Polling at “long intervals”, with – Acceleration on receipt of a trap. Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE 20 SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols SNMP Operation Management Station Request PDU Time Response PDU Agent Managed Node PDU: Protocol Data Unit Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE 21 SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols Basic Messages (1/2) Requesting & Updating Variable Values Originator: Manager / Receiver: Agent Get-request: Requests the value of one or more variables Get-next-request: Requests the value of the next variable (Alphabetically through MIB) Get-bulk-request: Requests large transfer (such as Tables) Set-request: Updates one or more variables Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE 22 SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols Basic Messages (2/2) Originator: Agent Receiver: Manager Response-PDU: Response Message Trap-PDU: Trap Report Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE Originator: Manager Receiver: Another Manager Inform-request Local MIB Description 23 SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols Remarks SNMP Given Review: Principles Information Operation Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE Future Work: Practical Systems Using SNMP Practical Work Follow Up 24 SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocols References Perkins, D.T., RMON: Remote Monitoring of SNMP-Managed LANs, Prentice Hall PTR, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 1999 Stalling, W., SNMP, SNMPv2, and CMIP: The Practical Guide to Network Management Standards, Addison-Wesley, Reading Massachusetts, 1993 “Specification of Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1)”, ISO 8824, December 1987. Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE 25