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Chapter 5 Telecom, Wireless & Networks Please discontinue use of cell phone and turn off ringer Succeeding with Technology Fundamentals Media, Devices, and Software Wireless Telecommunications Networks and Distributed Computing 5.1 Fundamentals of Telecommunications Key Terms • Telecommunications • Networking media • Analog signal Succeeding with Technology • Digital signal • Bandwidth • Broadband Telecommunications Telecommunications: The electronic transmission of signals over a medium for communications. (cables or air) Sender and Receiver must “speak” the same language. Succeeding with Technology Types of Signals Analog Signal: transmit sound using continuously varying levels of voltage. Digital Signal: transmits data using two discrete states of voltage: high and low Succeeding with Technology Signal Frequency Frequency: the speed at which a signal changes from high to low. Bandwidth: the range of signal frequencies that can be sent over a given medium at the same time. Often expressed as bits per second Broadband: faster than 200Kbps Succeeding with Technology 5.2 Networking Media, Devices, and Software The fundamental components of telecommunications networks Key Terms • • • • • Twisted pair cable Coaxial cable Fiber-optic cable Radio wave Modem Succeeding with Technology • • • • Network adapter Microwave transmission Communications satellite Ethernet Networking Media Twisted Pair Cable Used for traditional phone lines, twisted pairs of wires in plastic sheathing. Coaxial Cable Used for home cable TV, thick copper core wire – faster than twisted pair. Fiber Optic Cable Thin strands of glass are used to send light beams – highest bandwidth cable, most expensive. Radio Waves Electromagnetic waves transmitted through the air at various frequencies. Succeeding with Technology Radio Waves Radio waves use differing frequencies to carry many types of information: AM & FM Radio Short Wave & CB Radio Television Broadcasts Garage Doors Openers Baby Monitors Cordless Phones Cell Phones Radio Controlled Cars and Airplanes Global Positioning Systems Wireless Computer Networks Microwave Communications http://www.nrpb.org/understand/radiowaves/radiowaves.htm http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/radio-spectrum1.htm Succeeding with Technology 300 GHz 30 GHz 2.9 GHz EHF SHF UHF Deep space radio communications (2.29-2.3 GHz) Wi-fi Wireless Networks (2.4 GHz) Global Positioning System 1.23 and 1.58 GHz Air traffic Control (960-1,215 MHz) 900-MHz cordless phones Cell Phones (824-849 MHz) 328.6 MHz VHF 30 MHz HF CB Radio (26.96-27.41 MHz) MF AM Radio (535-1700 kHz) 3 MHz 300kHz 30 kHz 10 kHz TV CH 7-13 (174-220 MHz) FM Radio (88-108 MHz) TV CH 2-6 (54-88 MHz) Cordless Phones (40-50 MHz) LF VLF The Radio Spectrum Succeeding with Technology http://www.fcc.gov/oet/spectrum/ Networking Devices Modem: modulates and demodulates signals from one form to another. Network Adapter: Expansion card, or external device installed on a computing device used to connect to a network. Succeeding with Technology Networking Devices Network Control Devices: Hub/Switch Controls flow of data between devices on a network Router Routs packets to destinations and connects one network to another Wireless Access Point Allows devices to connect wirelessly to a wired network Succeeding with Technology Succeeding with Technology Microwave Communications High-frequency radio signals sent up to 30 miles through the air. 13 Succeeding with Technology Microwave Communications Line-of-sight communications 14 Succeeding with Technology Microwave Communications SatelliteTransmission Line-of-sight required 15 Succeeding with Technology Networking Software Network administrators are responsible for setting up and maintaining the network. A network operating system coordinates the network components to support telecommunications. Ethernet is the most widely used network standard for private networks. Succeeding with Technology Review Succeeding with Technology 5.3 Wireless Telecommunications Technologies Key Terms • • • • Cellular network Cellular carrier Global positioning system Wireless fidelity (wi-fi) Succeeding with Technology • WiMAX • Bluetooth • Radio frequency identification Cell Phone Technologies A cellular network is a radio network in which a geographic area is divided into cells, with a transmission tower and station at the center of each cell, to support mobile communications. Succeeding with Technology Cell Phone Technologies A cellular carrier is a company that builds and maintains a cellular network and provides cell phone service to the public. Succeeding with Technology GSM and CDMA GSM CDMA Cingular AT&T T-Mobile Verizon Sprint Nextel Digital networking standards for cell phone networks are GSM and CDMA. GSM is the most popular global standard for mobile phones The CDMA networking standard is predominantly used in the United States where it is in equal competition with GSM. Succeeding with Technology GSM and CDMA GSM CDMA Verizon Sprint Nextel Cingular AT&T T-Mobile GSM Phones include a subscriber identity module (SIM) for security and convenient data transfer between phones. Succeeding with Technology Cell Phone Technologies Consumers choose a carrier based on coverage area, handsets available, and services provided – service contracts are typically for two years. Succeeding with Technology Cell Phone Technologies Learn about Service Plans, Handsets, Features, and Services by clicking the logos below. Succeeding with Technology Cell Phone Technologies Succeeding with Technology Cell Phone Technologies Cell phone accessories provide added features for example… A 2 GB mini SD memory card can provide ample storage digital photos, music, and video files. A Bluetooth headset allows you to interact with your phone without taking it out of your pocket. Car chargers allow you to charge your cell phone from your car power supply. Assorted cases protect cell phones from damage and make them handy to access. Succeeding with Technology Wireless Technologies The Global Positioning System (GPS) uses satellites to pinpoint the location of receivers on earth. Aircraft Navigation Succeeding with Technology Wireless Technologies The Global Positioning System (GPS) uses satellites to pinpoint the location of receivers on earth. Seacraft Autopilot Succeeding with Technology Wireless Technologies The Global Positioning System (GPS) uses satellites to pinpoint the location of receivers on earth. Automobile Navigation Succeeding with Technology Wireless Technologies The Global Positioning System (GPS) uses satellites to pinpoint the location of receivers on earth. Handheld Navigation Succeeding with Technology Wireless Technologies The Global Positioning System (GPS) uses satellites to pinpoint the location of receivers on earth. Child Safety Succeeding with Technology Wirless Technologies The Global Positioning System (GPS) uses satellites to pinpoint the location of receivers on earth. Emergency Call Succeeding with Technology Wireless Technologies Wireless Fidelity (IEEE 802.11s), or Wi-fi, is wireless networking technology that makes use of access points to connect devices to networks. • 250-1,000 ft range • 802.11b 4.5 Mbps • 802.11g 11 Mbps • www.boingo.com Access Point Succeeding with Technology • http://talgov.com/cit ytlh/utilities/ubcs/c anopy.html Wireless Technologies WiMAX (IEEE 802.16) is the next generation broadband technology that is both faster and has a longer range than Wi-fi – 31 miles! Seattle’s Space Needle To Become WiMax Antenna Succeeding with Technology http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiMAX Wireless Technologies Bluetooth is wireless technology that enables a wide variety of digital devices to communicate directly. • 33 ft range • 1 Mbps • www.bluetooth.com Succeeding with Technology Bluetooth Succeeding with Technology Wireless Technologies Infrared (IrDA) technology utilizes infrared rays to send data over a short distance wirelessly. • 14 ft range • Narrow-angle cone (30o) • Line-of-sight • 4-16 Mbps • www.mzoop.com Succeeding with Technology Wireless Comparison Wi-fi Access point centered LAN Omnidirection Through 250 ft obstructions range indoors 11 Mbps Bluetooth Point-topoint Omnidirection Through 33 ft obstructions 1 Mbps Narrowangle Line-of-sight 14 ft 4 Mbps Infrared Point-topoint Succeeding with Technology Wireless Technologies Radio Frequency ID (RFID) uses tiny transponders in tags that can be attached to merchandise or other objects and read using an RFID receiver or reader for the purpose of identification. Privacy issues hold this technology back from item-level labeling and barcode replacement. http://www.rfidjournal.com/ Succeeding with Technology Review Succeeding with Technology 5.4 Networks and Distributed Computing Key Terms • • • • • Personal Area Network Local Area Network Intranet Virtual Private Network Metropolitan Area Network Succeeding with Technology • Wide Area Network Computer Network Concepts Distributed Computing refers to a computing environment that includes multiple remote computers that work together to solve problems and provide services. Succeeding with Technology Database Servers Application Servers File Servers Print Servers Network Types Personal Area Network (PAN) The wireless interconnection of personal information technology devices within the range of an individual. Mostly associated with Bluetooth technology Succeeding with Technology http://www.scottevest.com/v3_product_info/features.shtml Network Types Personal Area Network (PAN) – Alternate Definition The human body is used to conduct a minimal electric current to transfer information from one original PAN was individual’s device to another’s. The designed by Thomas Zimmerman and allowed users to pass digital electronic information through touch, by transferring information from one person’s device to another’s, running a subtle current through the body. http://www.almaden.ibm.com/cs/user/pan/pan.html Succeeding with Technology Exchange emails through handshake TWO Japanese telecoms giants have developed technology that turns the human body into a broadband-paced link that allows e-mail addresses to be exchanged through a simple handshake, a report said Monday. The technology, developed by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp. and its subsidiary NTT DoCoMo Inc., uses the body's conductivity and adds the smarts of a personal digital assistant (PDA), the Nihon Keizai Shimbun said. A device attached to a PDA can send and receive weak electrical signals through people, with human bodies as communications circuits, the paper said, citing sources close to the companies. Apparel and handbags have their own conductivity, allowing an electrical connection to a PDA that can remain in one's pocket, the paper said. In this way, people can exchange e-mail addresses, names and phone numbers while shaking hands, with the data automatically written into both their PDAs, the paper said. The companies have confirmed in an experiment that data can be transmitted at 10 megabits per second, comparable to the speed of a broadband Internet connection, it said. The technology could allow data communications through door knobs, switches, desks and chairs, the paper said. It could pave the way to one day being able to pass through railway ticket gates or entering secure buildings with a simple touch. It could also get a computer to start up with the proper settings as soon as the user sat down, the paper said. Agence France-Presse See also “Microsoft patents body power” Succeeding with Technology Network Types Local Area Network (LAN) Connects computer systems and devices within a common geographic area Succeeding with Technology Local Area Network switch Wireless access point Star topology System Administrator Bus topology Servers Succeeding with Technology Network Types Intranet A private network that utilizes Internet and Web protocols and software. Virtual Private Network (VPN) Uses the Internet to connect an organization’s networks dispersed around the world into one large intranet. Succeeding with Technology Network Types A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) connects networks within a city or metrololitan-size area into a larger high-speed network. Succeeding with Technology Network Types Wide Area Network Connects LANs between cities, cross country, and around the world using microwave and satellite transmission or telephone lines. router FSU Tallahassee LAN router FSU Panama City LAN Succeeding with Technology Network Types A Global Network (International Network) is a WAN that crosses National boundries. Succeeding with Technology Network Types Electronic Data Interchange, or EDI, uses networked systems and follws standards and procedures that allow output from one system to be processed directly as input to other systems, without human participation. Succeeding with Technology Installing Home Wi-fi Requirements High-speed Internet Cable Modem or DSL Modem (provided be ISP) Wireless Access Point/Router Wireless adapters for each device. Additional Access Points as needed. Wireless home media: http://www.apple.com/airportexpress Succeeding with Technology Wireless Access Point / Router Cable Modem To Cable Co. Review Succeeding with Technology Chapter 5 Questions? Don’t forget to turn your phone on!! Succeeding with Technology