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Configuring the Oracle Network Environment Copyright © 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved. Objectives After completing this lesson, you should be able to: • Use Enterprise Manager to: – – – – Create additional listeners Create Oracle Net Service aliases Configure connect-time failover Control the Oracle Net Listener • Use tnsping to test Oracle Net connectivity • Identify when to use shared servers and when to use dedicated servers 5-2 Copyright © 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved. Oracle Net Services Application Oracle Net Client or middle tier RDBMS TCP/IP network Oracle Net configuration files 5-3 Oracle Net Listener Database server Oracle Net configuration files Copyright © 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved. Listener (DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=dbhost.example.com) (PORT=1521))) Connection descriptor DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=myserver) PORT=1521)) (CONNECT_DATA= (SERVICE_NAME=mydb.us.example.com)) 5-4 Copyright © 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved. Oracle Net Listener Enterprise Manager Database Control Listener Oracle databases Oracle Net configuration files <oracle_home>/network/admin/listener.ora sqlnet.ora 5-5 Copyright © 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved. Establishing Net Connections To make a client or middle-tier connection, Oracle Net requires the client to know the: • Host where the listener is running • Port that the listener is monitoring • Protocol that the listener is using • Name of the service that the listener is handling Names resolution 5-6 Copyright © 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved. Establishing a Connection Incoming connection request Listener 5-7 Copyright © 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved. User Sessions Server process User session PGA User process Listener 5-8 Copyright © 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved. User session: Dedicated server process • Dedicated server process: With the session established, the server process now acts as the user’s agent on the server. The server process is responsible for: – – – – – – 5-9 Parsing and running any SQL statements issued through the application Checking the database buffer cache for data blocks required to perform SQL statements Reading necessary data blocks from data files on the disk into the database buffer cache portion of the System Global Area (SGA), if the blocks are not already present in the SGA Managing all sorting activity. The Sort Area is a memory area that is used to work with sorting; it is contained in a portion of memory that is associated with the Program Global Area (PGA). Returning results to the user process in such a way that the application can process the information Reading auditing options and reporting user processes to the audit destination Copyright © 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved. Tools for Configuring and Managing the Oracle Network • • • • 5 - 10 Enterprise Manager Net Services Administration page Oracle Net Manager Oracle Net Configuration Assistant Command line Copyright © 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved. Listener Control Utility Oracle Net listeners can be controlled with the lsnrctl command-line utility (or from EM). $ lsnrctl LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on 05-AUG-2008 11:58:01 Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved. Welcome to LSNRCTL, type "help" for information. LSNRCTL> help The following operations are available An asterisk (*) denotes a modifier or extended command: start stop status services version reload save_config trace spawn change_password quit exit set* show* 5 - 11 Copyright © 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved. Listener Control Utility Syntax Commands from the listener control utility can be issued from the command line or from the LSNRCTL prompt. • UNIX or Linux command-line syntax: $ lsnrctl <command name> $ lsnrctl start $ lsnrctl status • Windows Prompt syntax: LSNRCTL> <command name> LSNRCTL> start LSNRCTL> status 5 - 12 Copyright © 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved. Listener Home Page 5 - 13 Copyright © 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved. Creating a Listener 2 1 3 4 5 - 15 Copyright © 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved. Adding Listener Addresses 5 8 6 7 10 9 5 - 16 Copyright © 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved. Database Service Registration 5 - 17 Copyright © 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved. Naming Methods Oracle Net supports several methods of resolving connection information: • Easy connect naming: Uses a TCP/IP connect string • Local naming: Uses a local configuration file • Directory naming: Uses a centralized LDAP-compliant directory server • External naming: Uses a supported non-Oracle naming service Client/application server Oracle Net Oracle Net configuration files 5 - 19 Copyright © 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved. Easy Connect • • • • Is enabled by default Requires no client-side configuration Supports only TCP/IP (no SSL) Offers no support for advanced connection options such as: – Connect-time failover – Source routing – Load balancing SQL> CONNECT hr/[email protected]:1521/dba11g No Oracle Net configuration files 5 - 20 Copyright © 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved. Local Naming • Requires a client-side Names Resolution file • Supports all Oracle Net protocols • Supports advanced connection options such as: – Connect-time failover – Source routing – Load balancing SQL> CONNECT hr/hr@orcl Oracle Net configuration files 5 - 21 Copyright © 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved. Directory Naming • Requires LDAP with Oracle Net Names Resolution information loaded: – Oracle Internet Directory – Microsoft Active Directory Services • Supports all Oracle Net protocols • Supports advanced connection options LDAP directory SQL> CONNECT hr/hr@orcl Oracle Net configuration files 5 - 22 Copyright © 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved. External Naming Method • Uses a supported non-Oracle naming service • Includes: – Network Information Service (NIS) External Naming – Distributed Computing Environment (DCE) Cell Directory Services (CDS) Non-Oracle naming service Oracle Net 5 - 23 Copyright © 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved. Configuring Service Aliases(net service name) 5 - 24 Copyright © 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved. Advanced Connection Options Oracle Net supports the following advanced connection options with local and directory naming: • Connect-time failover • Load balancing • Source routing 5 - 25 Copyright © 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved. Testing Oracle Net Connectivity The tnsping utility that tests Oracle Net service aliases: • Ensures connectivity between the client and the Oracle Net Listener • Does not verify that the requested service is available • Supports Easy Connect Names Resolution: tnsping db.us.oracle.com:1521/dba11g • Supports local and directory naming: tnsping orcl 5 - 27 Copyright © 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved. User Sessions: Dedicated Server User sessions Server process Server process Server process Listener 5 - 28 Copyright © 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved. User Sessions: Shared Servers Server process Server process Server process User sessions Dispatchers Listener 5 - 29 Copyright © 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved. SGA and PGA Oracle Shared Server: User session data is held in the SGA. SGA User Cursor session state data PGA Sort data Large pool and other memory structures Remember to consider shared server memory requirements when sizing the SGA. 5 - 30 Copyright © 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved. Stack space Shared Server: Connection Pooling Idle client The client application has been idle past the specified time, and an incoming client requests a connection. Active client New client Database server This client connection is the 256th connection into the server. Connection pooling is turned on so that this connection can be accepted. 5 - 31 Copyright © 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved. The maximum number of connections is configured to 255. When Not to Use a Shared Server Certain types of database work must not be performed using shared servers: • Database administration • Backup and recovery operations • Batch processing and bulk load operations • Data warehouse operations Dispatcher 5 - 32 Dedicated server process Copyright © 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved. Summary In this lesson, you should have learned how to: • Use Enterprise Manager to: – – – – Create additional listeners Create Oracle Net Service aliases Configure connect-time failover Control the Oracle Net Listener • Use tnsping to test Oracle Net connectivity • Identify when to use shared servers and when to use dedicated servers 5 - 33 Copyright © 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved. Practice 5 Overview: Working with Oracle Network Components This practice covers the following topics: • Configuring local Names Resolution to connect to another database • Creating a second listener for connect-time failover 5 - 34 Copyright © 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved.