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Seminar on Electronic Commerce 24-28 September 2001 Electronic Payment Billing for Internet Telephony and Services Edoardo Berera University of Nice Sophia Antipolis Telelinea 26 September 2001 Telephone Bill Re-engineering • Transport and services billed separately • Packet Transport – flat rate (for best effort service) – volume based (for resource reservation or differentiated service) • Service – per-use – subscription basis E. Berera UNSA / Telelinea 2 How To Bill a Telephone Call Source: C. A. Polyzois et al., “From POTS to PANS….” (© IEEE Network, May/June 1999, pp. 58-64) • Call Detail Record (CDR) – Originating and terminating numbers – Type of call, Starting time, Duration • CDR delivered from originating switch to billing center E. Berera UNSA / Telelinea 3 How To Bill IP Tel • IP Telephony Source: C. A. Polyzois et al., “From POTS to PANS….” (© IEEE Network, May/June 1999, pp. 58-64) E. Berera – Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA) architecture – Policy Enforcement Points (PEP) • gateway, router or server – Policy Decision Points (PDP) • Customer databases • Access and rules information • Billing policies UNSA / Telelinea 4 Protocols and Formats • AAA Protocols – Common Open Policy Service (COPS) – DIAMETER • PEP - PDP • Accounting Data Interchange Format (ADIF) – protocol independent – SIP servers to billing centers E. Berera UNSA / Telelinea 5 From Telephone Bill to E-Commerce • Two perspectives of communications services – subscription service – individual purchases • Latter more attractive if users want to maintain business relationships with a large number of service providers and transport providers E. Berera UNSA / Telelinea 6 W3C E-Commerce Protocols • Services as goods to be priced and purchased individually like normal products • Web E-Commerce models and languages – Medium to High price transactions • Internet Open Trading Protocol – Low price transactions (micropayments) • Millicent Protocol – E-Commerce Markup Language (ECML) E. Berera UNSA / Telelinea 7 Internet Open Trading Protocol • Identify customers • Negotiate prices and conditions • Convey account information – XML-based account records • Several transactions, including credit card records • Aggregate record for billing or collection E. Berera UNSA / Telelinea 8 Micropayments • Rising importance of intangible goods – newspaper article – a song – this presentation… ;-) • Instantaneous electronic delivery at negligible cost • “Conventional” payment methods more expensive than the “actual” product – No need to identify customer, accounts, credit cards – No need to negotiate conditions • need to pay cash E. Berera UNSA / Telelinea 9 Millicent Protocol • Low-value transactions – 0.5 to 50 cents E or $ • Decentralized validation of electronic cash valid only for a specific vendor (scrip) – Information could be carried as part of a multipart/sip-id MIME type in SIP • Requires scrip brokers E. Berera UNSA / Telelinea 10 E-Commerce Markup Language • Standard set of information fields used in commercial transactions (Schema definition) – – – – – – E. Berera “Deliver to:” address “Bill to:” address Username, Password (for account subscribers) Card type, number, expiration date Wallet ID (for e-cash purchases) Amount, currency UNSA / Telelinea 11 Online Resources (IETF) • Call Detail Record • Authentication, Authorization and Accounting – Common Open Policy Service – DIAMETER • Accounting Data Interchange Format • Internet Open Trading Protocol (RFC 2801) – IOTP Payment API • E-Commerce Markup Language (RFC 3106) E. Berera UNSA / Telelinea 12 Online Resources • W3C E-commerce and Micropayment Activity – Millicent Protocol • http://www.millicent.digital.com • IEEE Internet Computing, May/June 1999 http://computer.org/internet/telephony E. Berera UNSA / Telelinea 13