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Broadband – IP Transport
2012 ACE/RUS School and Symposium
May 6-9, 2012
Fort Worth, TX
Brian LeCuyer, PE
RVW, Inc.
(402)564-2876
[email protected]
Agenda
• Transport Service Requirements
• Transport Technologies
– Ethernet over SONET
– Native Ethernet
– Connection Oriented Ethernet
– Optical Transport Network (OTN)
– Wave Division Multiplexing
©2006 RVW, Inc.
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Transport Service Requirements
• At the Demark
– Port Types / Quantities (Current and Future)
– Redundancy
• Path Diversity
• Hardware Protection
• Uplink: STP / LAG / G.8032 (ERPS)
– Power / Mounting / Environment
– Certifications (NEBS, Approved Vendor Lists)
• Bandwidth
– Committed Information Rate (Guaranteed)
– Excess Information Rate (Burst)
©2006 RVW, Inc.
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Transport Service Requirements
• Performance & Reliability
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–
–
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Frame Delay (Latency) / Delay Variation (Jitter)
Error Rate
Fail Over / Availability
Time to Repair
• Circuit Testing & Acceptance
– RFC 2544 (Bandwidth / Frame Sizes)
– Y.1731 (Latency / Jitter)
• Monitoring / Reporting
– Real-Time / Logged
– Alerting
©2006 RVW, Inc.
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Transport Technologies
•
•
•
•
•
Ethernet over SONET
Native Ethernet
Connection Oriented Ethernet
Optical Transport Network (OTN)
Wave Division Multiplexing
©2006 RVW, Inc.
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Transport Technologies
• Ethernet over SONET
– First Generation of “Carrier Class” Ethernet
– Leverages SONET Protection Scheme
– Unified TDM and Packet Transport
– May be a Quick, Low-Cost Option
– Limited Capacity
– High Cost to Scale
©2006 RVW, Inc.
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Transport Technologies
• Native Ethernet
– Optical Ethernet Directly Over Fiber
– 100 Mbps to 100 Gbps
– VLAN Tagging/Prioritization (802.1Q/p)
• VLAN Tags Separate Services
• VLAN Trunks Carry Multiple Services
• “P-Bits” Prioritize Traffic
©2006 RVW, Inc.
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Transport Technologies
`
CUST. A
VLAN 10
`
CUST. A
VLAN 10
Switch can be provisioned to
accept traffic already tagged
from customer, or apply tag if
received untagged
VLAN TRUNK
`
`
Tags keep traffic separated
on trunk connection
CUST. B
VLAN 20
CUST. B
VLAN 20
`
`
CUST. C
VLAN 30
CUST. C
VLAN 30
©2006 RVW, Inc.
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Transport Technologies
• Native Ethernet
– 802.1Q Issues
• Carrier Must Dictate Customer VLAN
Assignments (No Overlap Allowed)
• VLAN Exhaust (No Re-Use Allowed)
• MAC Limitations
• Some Older Switches Can Tag but Not Trunk
• 1522 Byte Frame may be Dropped
• Provisioning / Administration Complexity for
Larger Networks and Multipoint Customers
©2006 RVW, Inc.
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Transport Technologies
• Native Ethernet
– Provider Bridges (802.1ad)
• AKA: Q-in-Q / VLAN Stacking / Double Tagging
• Carrier Uses “Service” VLAN (S-Tag / Outer Tag)
to Carry Customer VLANs (C-Tag / Inner Tag)
• Allows Customer Control of their VLAN IDs
• Alleviates VLAN Exhaust
• Reduces Administrative Complexity for Carrier
• Does NOT Alleviate MAC Limitations
©2006 RVW, Inc.
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Transport Technologies
©2006 RVW, Inc.
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Transport Technologies
• Native Ethernet
– 802.1ad Issues
•
•
•
•
Carrier Edge Equipment Capabilities
Jumbo Frame Support Required (Edge & Transit)
MAC Limitations Still an Issue
Provisioning / Administration Complexity for
Larger Networks and Multipoint Customers
©2006 RVW, Inc.
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Transport Technologies
• Native Ethernet
– Redundancy / Protection
• Link Aggregation (LAG)
–
–
–
–
Primarily for Customer Uplinks
Can be Used on Transport Links
Load Balancing / Incremental Bandwidth Growth
Inter-Switch or Cross-Card LAG for Redundant Hardware
• Spanning Tree Protocols (STP / RSTP / MSTP)
–
–
–
–
–
Prevents Layer-2 Loops (Link Blocking)
Uplink or Transport Protection
Supports “Meshy” Networks (Pun Intended)
VLAN Trunks Require MSTP (802.1s)
Can be Slow on Switching and Restoration (Tunable)
©2006 RVW, Inc.
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Transport Technologies
• Native Ethernet
– Redundancy / Protection
• Ethernet Ring Protection Switching (G.8032)
–
–
–
–
–
Prevents Layer-2 Loops
Primarily Transport, Can be Used on Uplinks
Ring / Inter-Connected Ring Architectures (Not “Meshy”)
Fast - Provides sub-50ms protection and recovery
Version 2 Adds
» Interconnected Rings
» Manual Protection Switching (Force, Manual, Clear)
» Multiple Ring Instances
» Revertive / Non-Revertive Switching
©2006 RVW, Inc.
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Transport Technologies
• Connection Oriented Ethernet
– Technologies that Provide Static, “CircuitLike” Behavior for Ethernet
– Provider Backbone Bridges (802.1ah)
• Leverages Ethernet Standards
• Like Q-in-Q Except Uses “MAC-in-MAC”
• Solves MAC scaling issues
©2006 RVW, Inc.
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Transport Technologies
©2006 RVW, Inc.
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Transport Technologies
• Connection Oriented Ethernet
– PBB-TE (802.1Qay)
• TE = Traffic Engineering
• Enhances PBB to be More Transport “Friendly”
– Eliminates Broadcast/Multicast Flooding
– Does Not Use Dynamic (Learned) Forwarding Tables
– No Mechanism for Loop Avoidance (Manual Prevention)
• Working / Protect Paths Manually Configured
– More Predictable Traffic Engineering
– Requires Up-Front Planning and Provisioning
©2006 RVW, Inc.
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Transport Technologies
• Connection Oriented Ethernet
– MPLS-TP
•
•
•
•
TP = Transport Profile
Simplified Subset of MPLS Protocol
Removes Complexity of Dynamic Nature of MPLS
Predetermined / Predictable / Bi-Directional Paths
– PBB-TE & MPLS-TP Not Necessarily
Competing Technologies
• PBB-TE good fit for Access and Aggregation
• MPLS-TP good fit for Core Transport Portions
©2006 RVW, Inc.
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Transport Technologies
• Optical Transport Network (OTN / G.709)
– “Digital Wrapper” that provides SONET-Like
operations, administration, maintenance and
provisioning
– Allows multiplexing of different protocols
into same payload
• SONET
• Ethernet
• SAN (FiberChannel)
– Provides FEC for signal reach enhancement
– Powerful adjunct to WDM systems
©2006 RVW, Inc.
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Transport Technologies
• Wave Division Multiplexing
– How Transport is Scaled as Customer
Demand for Ethernet Services Grows
– Technology Carries Multiple Systems
“Stacked” on Same Fiber Using Different
Wavelengths
– Integrated Platforms Combine Ethernet
Transport Technologies, OTN and WDM
• Carrier Ethernet Capabilities
• Multiprotocol Transport
• Simple and Cost-Effective Growth
©2006 RVW, Inc.
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Transport Technologies
• Wave Division Multiplexing
– Key Concepts
• CWDM (Coarse Wave Division Multiplexing)
– Typically 4 to 16 Wave Systems
– Shorter Reach
• DWDM (Dense Wave Division Multiplexing)
– Typically 40 to 80 Wave (100 or 50 GHz Spacing)
– Long Reach (Amplification / Dispersion Compensation)
• ROADM (Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Mux)
– Optical Circuit Mapping for DWDM Systems
– Automatic Power Balancing
– Degrees = Directions of Transport
©2006 RVW, Inc.
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Transport Technologies - WDM
©2006 RVW, Inc.
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Transport Technologies – WDM
©2006 RVW, Inc.
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Thank You!
Brian LeCuyer, PE
(402) 564-2876
[email protected]
©2006 RVW, Inc.
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