Download Coree EMS - Computer Engineering

EL737: Broadband Packet
Switching Systems
H. Jonathan Chao
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Center for Advanced Technology in Telecommunications
Polytechnic University
Brooklyn, New York 11201
Tel: (718) 260-3302, Fax: (718) 260-3906, [email protected]
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Syllabus
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Basics of packet switching (2 weeks)
Input-buffered switches (2 weeks)
Shared-memory switches (1 week)
Banyan-based switches (1 week)
Knockout-based switches (1 week)
Midterm (10/24)
The Abacus switch (1 week)
Crosspoint buffered switches (1 week)
Clos-network switches (2 weeks)
Optical packet switches (1 week)
Final (12/19)
Text: Broadband Packet Switching Technologies:
A Practical Guide to ATM Switches and IP Routers
Authors: H. J. Chao, C. H. Lam, and E. Oki
Publisher: John Wiley, Sep. 2001
Office hour: every Thus 4-5:30PM
Grade: quiz every week and 2 tests
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Network Architecture
• Access, Metro, and Core networks
• Ethernet, Frame Relay, ATM, IP, and MPLS (multi-protocol label switching)
Business users
Bandwidth backhaul
+ L2 aggregation
IP access/service
aggregation
Core
transport
OC3/OC12
POS/ATM
T1/E1
GigE
nxT1/E1 T3
ATM
OC48/OC192
POS/ATM
Tier 2/3
ISP network
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T3/E3,
OC3/STM1
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Edge
Service
provider
network
Core LSR
Core
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Information Characteristics
Session Holding Time
VIDEO
HI-FI AUDIO
3 Hour
VIDEOCONFERENCE
1 Hour
LOW SPEED DATA
HIGH SPEED DATA
VOICE
3 Min
FACSIMILE
1 Min
TELEMETRY
1 Sec
100
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101
102
64K
1K
103
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105
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1.5M
106
107
108
1G
Bandwidth
109
Bits/sec
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Broadband Services
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Switched access TV
Video on demand
Education
Video phone, video conference, and video shop-at-home
LAN interconnections
Computer, CAD/CAM interconnections
E-commerce
E-medical
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Broadband Technologies
IC technologies
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 Complexity > 10 Million transistors/chip,
 RISC chip clocked at more than 1 GHz,
 Toggling speed > 100GHz
Optical technologies
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OC-192 (10 Gb/s) and OC768 (40 Gb/s)
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Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM): 2.56 Tbit/s capacity and
ultra long haul transmission using 25GHz channel spacing and
Raman amplification
Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS): 1024x1024 optical cross
connect switching system, wavelength and bit-rate independent
Very Long Haul
• Wavebands using 10Gbit/s channels
Ultra Long Haul
• Wavebands using 2.5Gbit/s channels
H. Jonathan Chao
Capacity
Transmission
Distance
Very Long Haul
2.56Tbit/s
2000km
Ultra Long Haul
1.28Tbit/s
4000km
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Optical Transmission Capacity Growth
4
Terabit/s
3
256 x 10G
2
176 x 10G
80 x 10G
1
16 x 2.5G
40 x 2.5G
32 x 10G
0
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
Year
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Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA)
980 nm
1480 nm
Input
signal
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Er-doped Fiber
pump
laser
amplified
signal
Optical
isolator
Pump/signal
multiplexer
10~20 m
Optical
isolator
Compensate for the fiber loss
Amplify multi-wavelength signals simultaneously
Low insertion loss (< 1dB), low crosstalk, high gain
Independent of bit rate and modulation form of the signal
Polarization insensitive
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Protocol Layers in SONET/ATM Network
XMT Terminal
ATM SW
ATM SW
REV Terminal
Application
Application
IP
IP
AAL
Table lookup &
VCI Overwrite
Table lookup &
VCI Overwrite
AAL
ATM
ATM
ATM
ATM
SONET
SONET
SONET
SONET
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Conversion Between Protocol Layers
Message
Application
IP
AAL
ATM
IP Header
AAL Trailer
ATM Header
48 bytes 5 bytes
SONET
ATM Header
48 bytes 5 bytes
cellcellcellcell
125  s
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To
SONET/ATM
Network
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ATM Cell Structure
Cell Header at UNI
8
1
1
Header field
5 octets
5
6
Information field
48 Octets
53
8
Cell Header at NNI
1
GFC
VPI
VPI
VCI
1
VPI
VPI
VCI
VCI
VCI
VCI
PTI
CLP
HEC
GFC: generic flow control
VPI: virtual path identifier
VCI: virtual channel identifier
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VCI
PTI
CLP
HEC
PTI: payload type identifier
CLP: cell loss priority
HEC: header error control
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Comparison of Different Networks
Circuit Network
ATM Network
Adv:
Adv:
 QoS
- QoS
 Reliable
- Flexible in rates
 Simpler to mange
- High utilization
Disadv:
 Low utilization
Adv:
- Flexible in rates
- High utilization
- No connection setup
Disadv:
- Need setup
 Connection oriented
(need setup)
 Inflexible in rates
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Packet Network
Disadv:
- Difficult for QoS
provision
- Difficult for QoS
- Sophisticated in
provision
network management
- Sophisticated in
e.g., billing
network managment
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VPI/VCI Translation Along the Path
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An ATM Switch System Model
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Input and Ouput Port Controller Block Diagram
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An Example of Self-Routing in a Delta Network
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Low-End Router Structure
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Medium-Size Router Structure
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High-End Router Structure
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Performance Objective of Broadband Switching Systems
For ATM Connections Delivering Cells to an STS-3c or STS-12c Interface
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Distribution of Cell Transfer Delay
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