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Transcript
Child Development Unit 2 Pregnancy & Prenatal Development 2.1—39 Terms • • • • • • • Abstinence Amniocentesis Amniotic Fluid Birth Defect Cerebral Palsy Chromosomes Chronic villa Sampling • Cleft Palate • • • • • Conception Cystic Fibrosis Dominant Genes Down Syndrome Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) • Fertility • Genes • Genetic Counseling 2.1—39 Terms • • • • • • • • • Hydrocephalus Infertility Maternity Leave Miscarriage Muscular Dystrophy Ovum Paternity Leave Period of Embryo Spina Bifida • Period of Fetus • Phenylketonuria (PKU) • Placenta • Pregnancy • Prenatal • Recessive Genes • Sickle Cell Anemia • Sperm 2.1—39 Terms • • • • • • Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) Stillbirth Tay-Sachs Disease Ultrasound Umbilical Cord Uterus 1. • Refraining from sex until marriage-- 1. • Abstinence 2. • A prenatal test using a sample of amniotic fluid to check for birth defects-- 2. • Amniocentesis 3. • Liquid surrounding & protecting the developing baby in the uterus during pregnancy-- 3. • Amniotic Fluid 4. • Problems babies are born with which threaten their health or ability to live-- 4. • Birth Defect 5. • Problems of the motor system that can include lack of coordination, stiffness, jerkiness, difficulty with speech & paralysis-- 5. • Cerebral Palsy 6. • Carry the genes that convey hereditary characteristics-- 6. • Chromosomes 7. • A prenatal test for specific birth defects performed by sampling small amounts of the tissue from the membrane around fetus-- 7. • Chronic Villa Sampling 8. • Gap in the upper lip or palate that causes problems with eating, swallowing, speech & appearance-- 8. • Cleft Palate 9. • Union of ovum & sperm, resulting in the beginning of pregnancy-- 9. • Conception 10. • Affects the respiratory & digestive systems—many children die before reaching adulthood-- 10. • Cystic Fibrosis 11. • The genes that dictate the way a trait is expressed-- 11. • Dominant Genes 12. • Group of problems that include mental retardation, problems of the heart, blood & digestive system & poor muscle tone-- 12. • Down Syndrome 13. • A birth defect that occurs because a mother drinks alcohol-- 13. • Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) 14. • The ability to conceive a child-- 14. • Fertility 15. • Units that determine inherited characteristics-- 15. • Genes 16. • Medical advice that tells a couple the options & risks of having genetic problems in their children-- 16. • Genetic Counseling 17. • An excess of fluid surrounding the brain, causing brain damage—(Spina Bifida) 17. • Hydrocephalus 18. • The inability to conceive a child-- 18. • Inferility 19. • Time off from work that allows a mother to give birth, recover & begin to care for a new baby-- 19. • Maternity Leave 20. • The unexpected death of a developing baby before 20 weeks of pregnancy-- 20. • Miscarriage 21. • There are different types that involve a progressive weakness & shrinking of muscles-- 21. • Muscular Dystrophy 22. • Female sex cell or egg needed for reproduction-- 22. • Ovum 23. • Time off from work that allows a father to care for new baby-- 23. • Paternity Leave 24. • Developing baby from conception until 2nd week of pregnancy-- 24. • Period of Embryo 25. • Developing baby from the 8th or 9th week of pregnancy until birth-- 25. • Period of Fetus 26. • Condition in which the body is unable to process & use a specific protein—mental retardation can result-- 26. • (PKU)—Phenylketonuria 27. • Tissue in the uterus of a pregnant woman that brings food & oxygen from the mother’s body to a developing baby-- 27. • Placenta 28. • Time of life from conception until birth-- 28. • Pregnancy 29. • Time before the baby is born-- 29. • Prenatal 30. • Genes that are expressed as a trait only if paired with a matching recessive gene-- 30. • Recessive Genes 31. • Malformed red blood cells that interfere with the supply of oxygen to all parts of the body which can lead to early death-- 31. • Sickle Cell Anemia 32. • The male sex cell needed for reproduction-- 32. • Sperm 33. • An incompletely formed spinal cord may lead to stiff joints, difficulty in moving the legs, partial paralysis & problems with the kidneys & urinary tract—70% of children with Spina Bifida also have Hydrocephalus, in which an excess of fluid surrounds the brain, causing brain damage-- 33. • Spina Bifida 34. • An illness spread from one person to another by sex-- 34. • Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) 35. • The unexpected death of a developing baby after 20 weeks of pregnancy-- 35. • Stillbirth 36. • Lacking a certain chemical in the blood that makes children’s bodies unable to process & use fats, which leads to severe brain damage-- 36. • Tay-Sachs Disease 37. • Prenatal test using sound waves to make a picture of the unborn child-- 37. • Ultrasound 38. • Tube that connects the placenta to the unborn child which nourishes it, gives it oxygen & takes away waste-- 38. • Umbilical Cord 39. • Reproductive organ in a woman in which a baby develops-- 39. • Uterus 2.2 • • • • • • • List early signs of pregnancy— Missed period Lower back pain Fatigue Breast tenderness Nausea Frequent urination 2.2.1 • Discuss the importance of early & regular medical care during pregnancy-- 2.3 • Explain physical changes to the mother during pregnancy— • Increase in size of breasts & abdomen • Skin stretches • Changes in digestive system • Pressure on the bladder Pregnancy Development—Month by Month• • • • • • • • • • Months: 1. Missed period 2. Breasts swell Pressure on bladder Morning sickness (nausea) Fatigue 3. Uterus: size of orange 2-4 pounds weight gain 4. Morning sickness gone appetite increases Pregnancy: Month by Month• • • • • • • • • • 5. Fetal movements felt—slight 6. Strong kicks felt 10-12 pounds weight gain 7. Increases in size affects posture 8. Backache, leg cramps, shortness of breath, fatigue Kicks disturb mother’s rest 18-20 pounds weight gain 9. Lightening felt as fetus drops into pelvis 25-35 pounds weight gain False labor pains experienced 2.3.1 • Model physical changes using a pregnancy simulator-- 2.4 • Name discomforts & complications of pregnancy— • Vaginal bleeding • Severe vomiting • Swelling • Blurred vision • Early, sudden gush of liquid 2.4.1 • Research complications –birth defects & develop a presentation including description, symptoms, developmental disabilities, life expectancy, causes & methods of detection, treatments & rate of occurrences in U.S. 2.5 • Describe prenatal tests used to determine health of mother & fetus— • Ultrasound—using sound waves to make a picture of baby • Amniocentesis—uses a sample of amniotic fluid to check for birth defects • Chronic Villa Sampling (CVS)—sampling small amounts of tissue surrounding fetus—checking for birth defects 2.5.1 • Identify risks involved with prenatal tests-- 2.6 • List STDs most likely to affect the health of unborn baby & mother— • Chlamydia • Genital Herpes • Syphilis • Gonorrhea • HIV--AIDS STDs • • • • Illness spread by sex A lifestyle decision that can affect life itself Unborn children are also affected No effective vaccines for immunization against STDs • Most contract STDs between age 15-25 years • Never treat yourself • Health department will usually treat for free 2.6.1 • • • • • • • • Identify the symptoms & treatment of STDs— 1. Chlamydia—caused by bacteria Cured by antibiotics Detection is difficult Most have no symptoms Some carry infection for years without knowing it Symptoms appear 1-5 weeks after sex Pelvis pain, fever, bleeding, painful urination, urinary tract infections, infertility because of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease • Delivering babies develop eye infection & Pneumonia STDs • 2. Genital Herpes— Occurs in many forms: Chicken Pox, fever blisters • Genital Herpes-caused by virus • Appears 2-20 days after contact • Blisters form on genitals • Disappear & reappear at irregular intervals • No cure • Medication will lesson severity • Mothers can infect babies during delivery • Doctors will usually take baby by Cesarean STDs • 3. Syphilis—Caused by bacteria through several stages: (4) • 1. 10-90 days after exposure Chancre-firm sore forms at sight of infection • Sore disappears 3-5 weeks even without treatment—some think it is cured—but no • 2. 2-12 weeks after sore disappears, rash develops that can cover entire body or only hands & feet • Feel tired, loose hair, fever, headaches, mouth sores, person is highly contagious Syphilis… • 3. Latent Stage—All second stage symptoms have disappeared—can last 25 years • 4. Late Stage—Bacteria damages heart, brain, spinal cord, mental illness, blindness, paralysis=death STDs • • • • • • • • • • • 4. Gonorrhea—Caused by bacteria spread by sex Occurs in genital lining & urinary tracts Yellow drip from genitals Pain during urination Sterility as infection spreads Blocks tube that carry sperm from testes Blocks tube that carry eggs from ovaries to uterus Stillborn babies can occur Eye infection causing blindness to baby during delivery Heart disease, arthritis, blindness in men & women Penicillin is a treatment STDs • • • • • • • • 5. HIV—AIDs—Casual sex with infected person Caused by HIV virus (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) Attacks immune system creating weakness to infections Intravenous drug use Blood transfusions from contaminated blood Contaminated equipment Contact with infected body fluids (semen, blood, vaginal secretions, saliva, tears) • HIV into Aids is 10 years 2.6.2 • Describe how STDs affect mother & baby—Unborn baby is affected by STD’s of mother (especially nursing baby) 2.7 • Describe the three stages of prenatal development— • Period of the Zygote—0-2 wks • Period of the Embryo—3-8 wks • Period of the Fetus—8 wks until birth Zygote-• *Conception to 2 weeks • Grows by cell division • Only the size of a pinhead Embryo-• *3-8 Weeks • Mass of cells develop into major body systems • (Heart, lungs, bones, muscles) • Brain takes control of body systems Fetus-• *9 weeks until birth 2.7.1 • Construct a timeline of the stages of prenatal development—Fetal Development—Month by month: • 1. Pinhead size (period of Zygote—0-2 wks) • Egg attaches to uterus lining • Heart begins to beat • Internal organs & circulatory system • 2. ¼ inch long (period of Embryo—3-8 wks) • Face, eyes, ears, limbs take shape • Bones form • 3. 1 inch (period of Fetus—8 wk until birth) • Nose, mouth, lips, teeth buds, eyelids form • Fingers & toes complete Fetal Development… • 4. 3 inches • Weighs 1 ounce • Sucks thumb, swallow, hiccup • Moves around • Clear facial features • 5. 7 inches • Weighs 5 ounces • Hair, eyelashes, eyebrows appear • Becomes more active • Fetal Development… • 6. 10 inches • Weighs 12 ounces • Fat deposits under skin • Breathing movements begin • 7. 12 inches • Weighs 2 pounds • Activity followed by rest Fetal Development… • 8. 16 inches • Weighs 3 pounds • Weight gain rapid • React to loud noises—jerking action • Moves into head down position • 9. 18 inches • Weighs 6 pounds • Smooth skin • Less movement—crowded in womb • Acquires antibodies from mom’s blood • Descends into pelvis—ready for birth! 2.8 • Name factors that are harmful to the development of the unborn child— • Alcohol STDs • Drugs Unhealthy Diet • Infections such as Rubella (German Measles) • Smoking Inadequate Rest • Harmful Fumes Stress • Paint Products No Exercise • Lead Medications • X-Rays Inappropriate Behaviors 2.8.1 • Analyze environmental impact of prenatal development-- 2.9 • Describe types of care for the mother’s & baby’s health— • Obstetricians—specializes in pregnancy & birth • Gynecologists— Specialist for Women • Family Practice Physicians— General practice doctors who also deliver babies providing prenatal & postnatal care • Certified Nurse-Midwife— Registered nurse with training in normal pregnancy & childbirth 2.9.1 • Identify prenatal care needed throughout pregnancy— • Healthy diet • Healthy exercise • Regular medical checkups • Prenatal vitamins • Childbirth classes 2.9.2 • List factors to consider when choosing a birth attendant— • Someone to give support • Someone you trust • Someone you are close to • Someone who attends childbirth class with pregnant mom to learn breathing techniques & birthing tips 2.9.3 • • • • • • • Plan for the birth of a baby— Choosing a Pediatrician—birth to 18 years Decide to breast feed or bottle feed Get nursery ready Purchasing baby supplies Locating a babysitter or childcare center Announcements-Pictures 2.10 • • • • • Name risks due to teens pregnancy-Low birth weight Premature labor Miscarriage Higher stillbirth rates 2.10.1 • Compare & contrast teen pregnancy risks with adult pregnancy risks— • Pregnancy places extra stress on teen’s body • Teen is still growing & has large nutrient requirements • The nutrient needs of the fetus are then added to the teen’s needs • Teen mothers need calcium, iron, protein to grow Teen Mothers… • Teen mothers do not have the nutrient reserves needed to meet the demand of a developing fetus • Teens have a higher risk of complications during pregnancy than adult women • Teens are more likely to have miscarriages, stillbirths, premature, low-birth weight babies • Teens may drop out of school • Having a baby is expensive: food, clothing, housing, health care • Relationships change—often become single parent 2.11 • Discuss costs of teen pregnancies to society— • Medicaid • Food Stamps • WIC • Quitting school • Abuse • Neglect 2.11.1 • Research the cost of teen pregnancies to Arkansas & Arkansas taxpayers-- 2.12 • Research careers related to pregnancy & prenatal development— • EMT • Genetic Counselor • Intensive Care Pediatric Nurse • Nurse-Midwife • Pediatrician • Physical Therapist • • • • • Obstetrician Family Doctor Family Counselor Child Psychologist Social Worker 2.12.1 • Determine competencies for careers related to prenatal development & pregnancy— • Attention to detail • Strong science & math skills • Strong peoplecounseling skills • Stay calm under pressure • Good dexterity for using equipment • Good teamwork skills • Good physical health • Energy & Strength • Good memory • Good communication skills • • • • • • • Patient Gentle Good Listener—keep confidence Open Mind Problem Solver Sympathetic Positive Attitude