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CE240 - Young Children with Special Needs: Unit 2 Sarah Cordett, M.A. Agenda This evening we will discuss: Overview of Unit 2 Virtual Field Trip Learning and Behavior Disorders Characteristics Interventions Videos Unit 2 Discussion Intro to Unit 3 Project Learning Outcomes After completing this unit, you should be able to: Explain the characteristics of a variety of disabilities Discuss appropriate practice in the classroom when addressing an emergency that involves children with special needs Describe ways to address eating and toileting problems Identify signs that demonstrate a potential learning disability in a young child Topics in Unit 2 You will be reading about in the text: Classification of developmental disabilities Guidelines for working with children with hearing loss Learning and behavior disorders ADHD Learning disabilities Autism Classification of Developmental Disabilities An ongoing debate exists between professionals in favor of classification versus those who are not. Potential harm in prematurely labeling a child before age six. Twelve classifications Learning Disabilities Speech/Language Problems Mental Retardation Emotional Disorders Multiple Disabilities Hearing Impairments Orthopedic Impairments Other Health Impairments Visual Impairments Autism Deaf-Blindness Traumatic Brain Injury Virtual Field Trip Click on the National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities (NICHCY) link in the information box. Take 6 minutes to research one of the specific disabilities you find on the site. Share: Give a brief summary of the scenario. How is the disability addressed in school? What would be your role as an Early Childhood Care Professional if this child were in your class? Teaching Children with Hearing Loss Get on child’s level to talk Use clear speech and gestures Ensure light is on speaker’s face, not child’s Include children in all music activities Choose books with bright, clear pictures that tell the story Avoid moving around the room while talking Seat child directly across from teacher (Allen & Cowdery, 2009, p. 155) Learning and Behavior Disorders: ADHD ADHD = Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms: Persistent inattention not consistent with other children of same age OR Persistent hyperactivity or impulsivity not consistent with other children of same age Present in two or more settings Text provides detailed symptoms (Allen & Cowdery, 2009, p. 217) Learning and Behavior Disorders: ADHD Strategies and Interventions: Behavior management Rewards Classroom setting Medication Effective in combination with behavior management when deemed appropriate by mental health professional Limitations and warnings Video Learning and Behavior Disorders: ADHD Classroom Scenario: Michael is 4 years old and has been diagnosed with ADHD. You are reading a story to the class on the carpet, but Michael is wandering around the room making disruptive noises. What types of strategies could you use to support Michael? Learning and Behavior Disorders: Learning Disabilities Definition: a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or using language (spoken or written), which may result in the imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, write or spell. Examples of symptoms Constant motion and purposeless activity Poor perceptual motor skills Low tolerance for frustration Frequent mood swings Poor coordination, both large and fine motor Distractibility, short attention span Poor auditory and visual memory Variety of language deficits Learning and Behavior Disorders: Learning Disabilities Strategies for success: Be consistent with positive reinforcement Provide learning activities that support home language and culture Focus on the child’s strengths Break skills into small, manageable steps Teach new concepts in short sessions Be patient Work with parents (Allen & Cowdery, 2009, p. 233). Learning and Behavior Disorders: Autism Characteristics: Abnormal social interaction Impaired communication Peculiar interests and behaviors Moderate to severe Autism (severe) Asperger syndrome (milder) Video Learning and Behavior Disorders: Autism Strategies and interventions: Simple and direct messages Use objects and actions with words Motivate child to request items by name Provide opportunities for interaction with nondisabled peers Use tangible reinforcers (stickers, toys, music) Provide predictable environment Reduce group size to minimize distractions Provide opportunity to practice new schools at home and school Health Problems and Classroom Practices Advance Briefings: find out what the child needs before an emergency happens Obtain the appropriate training to meet the child’s specific needs Maintain appropriate health records on every child in the class Obtain appropriate permission slips and note specific allergies or health problems Abide by state law in dispensing medications (Allen & Cowdery, 2009, p. 205-206). Discussion question and resources Visit the companion website link in the course for your text and read the case study. Develop an assistance plan for a girl named Carly. DQ1: Discuss the numerous ways an early childhood program and its staff could provide a safe and appropriate learning environment for Carly. DQ2: Share a list of 3 professionals that would be involved in planning the care for Carly. Provide a description of their involvement and share why their involvement would be necessary for planning care for Carly. Project: Unit 3 Research a resource that can be used to promote identification of and early intervention with children with disabilities. Write a 1- to 2-page essay that explains how these resources can be used for families in need of help for their child. Unit 3 Project Continued Use information from the Unit 3 Web Resource, The National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities (NICHCY). Scroll down to the section "Where do I go for help?" in Part A, Early Intervention Services. There are two links provided to find help in your state.You also may do your own research. Questions to answer in Unit 3’s Project How is a child evaluated? What organizations can offer help for the child and his/her family? What kind of help will be provided by these organizations? Have a GREAT week! Good Night!!