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Chapter 10
Preparing and Administering Medications
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Chapter 10
Lesson 10.1
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Learning Objectives
• Compare dosage forms for drugs given
by the enteral route
• Outline procedures for giving
medications enterally, parenterally, and
percutaneously
• List processes to prevent transmission
of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
and other blood-borne pathogens
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Enteral Medications
• Medications given directly into the GI tract
• Oral; Box 10-1 Oral Medication Forms
• Nasogastric or PEG
• Rectal
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Oral Administration
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Asepsis
Steps to administer: Procedure 10-1
Getting ready
Preparing the medication
Administering the medication
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Oral Administration (cont.)
• Solid form
• Liquids
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Nasogastric Administration
• Appropriate patients
• PEG tube
• Medication forms:
– Liquids
– Pills: crushed, add water
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Procedure for Administering
Nasogastric Medications
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Aspirate stomach contents
Listen for gurgling sounds in the stomach
Listen for breath sounds
Put medication into the tubing
Instill medications via gravity
Add water to tube following medication
administration
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Rectal Administration
• Getting Ready
• Preparing the medication
• Administering the medication
• Concluding
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Parenteral Medications
• “Into the skin”
• Routes
• Reasons for parenteral administration
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Standard Precautions
• Protect health care workers
• Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
• Sharps container for disposal of needles
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Parenteral Administration
• “Into the skin”
• Routes for administration
• Parenteral rationale/Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Costs
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Basic Equipment
• Syringes: Figure 10-2
• Types of syringes: Figure 10-3
• Volume of medication: mL or m
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Parts of a Syringe
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Needles
• Needles: gauge
• Hub
• Specialized needles
• Guide for needle selection: Table 10-1
• Needleless system: Figure 10-6
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Parts of the needle
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Needles: Gauges
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Chapter 10
Lesson 10.2
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Learning Objectives
• Outline procedures for giving
medications enterally, parenterally, and
percutaneously
• Identify anatomy landmarks used for
giving parenteral medications
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Procedure for Preparing and
Administering Parenteral Medications
• Procedure for medication administration:
Procedure 10-3
• Determine sight for administration
• Use of equipment
• Package
• Medication characteristics
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Forms of Parenteral Medications
• Vials: Figure 10-7
• Ampules: Figure 10-8
• Mix-O-Vial: Figure 10-9
• Single or Multidose vials
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Vial
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Ampules
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Forms of Parenteral Medications
(cont.)
• Combining drugs in one syringe
• Mixing insulin
• Prefilled syringes
• IV solutions
• Secondary or “piggyback”
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Administering Intradermal
Injections
• Uses
• Skin anatomy and needle angle: Figure
10-12
• Bleb
• Equipment and technique
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Intradermal Injections
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Administering Subcutaneous
Medications
• 2 mL into the loose connective tissue
• Slow onset, longer duration
• Placement: Figure 10-14
• Sites: Figure 10-15
• Technique
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Subcutaneous Injections
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Administering Intramuscular
Medications
• Location
• Absorption
• Equipment
• Sites: Box 10-3
• Technique
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Intramuscular Injections
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Administering Intravenous
Medications
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Onset and absorption
Dosing and scheduling considerations
Equipment
Sites: Figures 10-18 (adult) and 10-19
(children)
• Venipuncture and intravenous infusion
• Procedure 10-4
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Intravenous sites in adults
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Intravenous sites in children
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Modifications in Technique for
Specific Situations
• Adding medication by syringe to an infusion
• Adding medication to a plastic bag or an IV
bottle
• Adding medication to a volume control
• Adding medication by piggyback infusion
• Administration of medication when there is
only an intermittent infusion device
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Intravenous Infusion Rates
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Monitoring infusion rates
Calculating infusion rates
Infusion pumps; syringe infusion pumps
Infusion controllers and volumetric pumps
Implantable pumps
Venous access device
Common problems with intravenous
infusions
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Percutaneous Medications
• Absorption: mucous membranes or the
skin
• Absorption and application
• Inhalation
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Percutaneous Administration
• Factors affecting transdermal
application
• Skin Condition
• Methods of Administration
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Procedures for Administering
Percutaneous Medications
• Applied to the area requiring treatment
• Common Forms: Box 10-4
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Administering Topical
Medications
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Clean skin before application
Gloves
Lotions
Ointments
Excess medication
Dressings
Patient Education – Home Care
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Administering Medications to
Mucous Membranes
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Absorption
Sublingual
Buccal
Vaginal
Ear drops: child and adult
Eye
Nose
Respiratory
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