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HS-140: Pharmacology
Week 5: The
Respiratory and
Circulatory Systems
Dr. Straub
Overview of Unit 5
 Reading:
 Chapter 26: Respiratory System Disorders
 Chapter 27: Circulatory System Disorders
 Discussion Board
 Seminar
 Assignment
 Make sure to read all announcements for complete
details on weekly requirements! 
The Respiratory System
 Respiration: The process
of exchanging oxygen
(O2) and carbon dioxide
(CO2).
 Upper respiratory tract:
 Nose
 Pharynx
 Larynx
 Lower respiratory tract:
 Trachea
 Bronchial Tree
 Lungs
Drugs for Nasal Congestion:
Antihistamines
 Antihistamines: block the H1 receptor
sites, preventing histamine action
during allergic rhinitis (see p. 527-28 of
textbook).
 Drug tolerance may occur.
 1st Generation: sedating, short acting:
 chlorpheniramine (ChlorTrimeton)
 diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
 2nd Generation: non-sedating and
much longer duration of action:
 Claritin
 Zyrtec
 Allegra
Drugs for Nasal Congestion:
Decongestants
 Decongestants reduce congestion
by shrinking swollen mucous
membranes of the nasal passage
due to the common cold (see p.
529-30 of textbook).
 Often combined with
antihistamines.
 Oral and nasal preparations are
both available.
Asthma Medications
 Virtual Field Trip:
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aGDi5tI5vTk
 Let’s discuss how asthma occurs and how asthma
medications treat this condition.
 Turn to p. 539 in the textbook. What combination is
found in Advair Diskus?
Class Exercise 1: Working in a
Medical Office
 Turn to p. 155 in the Workbook.
 As a class, let’s discuss scenario 1.
 To answer the questions, you may refer to 527-535 of
your textbook.
Overview of the
Cardiovascular System
 Consists of heart, which
pumps blood, and blood
vessels (arteries, veins, and
capillaries), through which
blood flows.
 Heart consists of four
chambers.
Heart Disease
 There are several origins of heart disease.
 In most cases, the heart needs to work harder to overcompensate
for problems.
 Example:
 Patient has high blood pressure due to cholesterol build-up in
the arteries.
 Blood has difficulty passing through the arteries.
 Heart increases contractions to facilitate blood flow, which
causes additional problems.
 Medications can either:
 Decrease heart rate and contractions or
 Target the cause of heart disease
9
ACE Inhibitors
 Found on p. 571 of textbook.
 Inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme, which
converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
 Angiotensin II constricts the blood vessels, which
elevates blood pressure and causes the heart to
work harder.
 Therefore, ACE inhibitors reduce vasoconstriction,
blood pressure, and heart rate.
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Beta-Blocking Agents
 Found on p. 569 of textbook.
 Increase in heart rate occurs
when:
 Sympathetic neurons release
norepinephine/adrenaline.
 Norepinephine/adrenaline
binds to beta-adrenergic
receptors on heart cells, which
increases contractions.
 Beta-blocking agents block beta-
adrenergic receptors and
decrease heart rate.
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Calcium Channel Blockers
 Found on p. 572 of textbook.
 After norepinephrine/adrenaline binds to beta-adrenergic
receptors, calcium from outside of the heart cells enters the
heart cells.
 Calcium channel blockers prevent the entry of extracellular
calcium ions into the heart cells.
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Game: Which suffix is frequently
used in the generic names of
calcium channel blockers?
A. -olol
B. -statin
C. -ipine
D. -pril
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Game: What suffix is frequently
used in the generic names of
calcium channel blockers?
C. -ipine
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HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
 Found on p. 574 of
textbook.
 Prevent cholesterol
plaques in the arteries.
 Example of a lipid-lowering
agent: HMG-CoA
reductase inhibitors
(statins).
Game: which of the following is the
correct spelling for a “statin”?
A. Lipator
B. Zitia
C. Zecor
D. Crestor
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Game: which of the following is the
correct spelling for a “statin”?
D. Crestor
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Class Exercise 2: Working in a
Medical Office
 Turn to p. 163 in
the Workbook.
 As a class, let’s
discuss scenario 1.
Thank you for your
attention and
participation in the
seminar!
Any questions?
I look forward to the rest
of Unit 5. Please
contact me with any
questions throughout
the week.