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
Define Stroke

List types of Strokes

List risk factors for Stroke

Identify the signs and symptoms
of Stroke


Stroke is the No. 3 cause of death in the
U.S. after HF and Cancer
On average, every 53 seconds, someone in
the US experiences a stroke.



Every 3.1 minutes someone dies of a stroke
Stroke risk increases with age. For each
decade after age 55, the risk of stroke
doubles.
71% of all strokes occur in people over the
age of 65


A rapidly developed clinical signs of focal (or
global) disturbances of cerebral functions,
lasting >24h or leading to death & due to a
vascular disorder.
Causes:


Blockage (blood clot) occurring inside a blood vessel
Blood vessel leaks blood due to rupture


Ischemic Stroke
(85%)
Hemorrhagic
Stroke (15%)

Types of Ischemic Stroke

Embolic Stroke
 Blood clot travels to the brain

Thrombotic Stroke
 Blood flow is blocked to the
brain

Bleeding occurs from vessels
within the brain. High blood
pressure or a rupture of a blood
vessel or an aneurysm may be
the cause.
Duration
 < 24h. But more commonly lasting 20 min.
frequency
Single or multiple
Time course
 May recur over weeks or months
Patterns
 50 % thrombotic, 10 – 30 % embloic, 10 – 15 %
lacunar.
Significance
 Risk of stroke after TIA is 10 – 60 % in the
first 5 years.
Stroke does not Discriminate

Stroke affects people of
 All Ages
 All Ethnic Groups
 All Backgrounds

Most strokes are preventable, take steps
NOW to reduce having a stroke!

Sudden numbness or weakness of the face,
arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body

Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or
understanding

Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes

Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of
balance or coordination

Sudden, severe headache with no known
cause
Strokes occur
in the brain and
affect the
opposite side
of the body






Blood Pressure over 120/80?
Smoker – exposed to tobacco?
Overweight?
Diabetes?
High Cholesterol?
Heart Disease?


Family History of Stroke?
Man over age of 45, OR a woman over 55 years
of age?

Risk factors you can control:
DIET - How we eat, do we follow our diet?
 EXERCISE - Do we exercise or get some physical
activity?
 MEDICATIONS - Taking medications correctly
 SMOKING - Stop smoking

Strokes can affect different parts of the brain,
this results in patients experiencing different
symptoms

If you are having a Stroke come to the hospital
right away – 997

Diagnostic Testing

CT or MRI of the brain

EKG

Carotid Ultrasound

Echocardiogram
ECG – may show atrial fibrillation
Carotid Ultrasound – will show if there is
stenosis (narrowing of the blood vessel)
Echocardiogram – detects if any thrombus
(blood clot) within the heart chambers


Any labs may be ordered start
with Glucose level why ?
, Lipid Profile (checking your
cholesterol level) is done on all
patients.

3 Simple
Questions

Ask the person to
smile

Ask the person to
raise both arms

Ask the person to
say a simple
sentence “The sky
is blue in Boston”

Stroke is a medical emergency. Every minute
counts when someone is having a stroke. The
longer blood flow is cut off to the brain, the
greater the damage. Immediate treatment can
save people's lives and enhance their chances
for successful recovery

Ischemic strokes, the most
common type of strokes, can be
treated with a drug called t-PA,
that dissolves blood clots
obstructing blood flow to the
brain.


Time is very important in order to receive this
medication
Window of opportunity to start treating stroke
patients is 3 to 4 and a half , but to be
evaluated and receive treatment, patients need
to get to the hospital within 60 minutes.




Aspirin
Plavix
Blood pressure
medication if
appropriate
Cholesterol lowering
medicines if needed

Medical Management
Dietary
 Physical & Occupational Therapy
 Speech Therapy if indicated
 Nursing


Rehabilitation


Physical Medicine Consult
Determine what type of therapy
best for patient
 Rehab Unit
 Subacute Rehab
 Extended Care Facility
 Home Care with PT/OT

Starts upon admission to the hospital

Consult social worker or care coordinator to
help identify discharge needs

Provide patient/family with Stroke education
THANK YOU….