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Phylum Porifera
Phylum Cnidaria
Chapter 35
Phylum Porifera
• Common Name: Sponge
• Examples: Bath sponge, elephant ear sponge,
www.amnh.org
Spongilla (fresh water)
• Characteristics:
– Asymmetry
– Sessile
– Ostia
– Osculum
– no tissues/organs – cells are embedded in
mesoglea
www.biology.uoa.gr/page51.gif
Phylum Porifera
• Nutrition: Filter-feeders that pull bacteria,
protists, algae and other organic matter
out of the water – one species even eats
small shrimp!
oceanexplorer.noaa.gov
Systems
www8.nos.noaa.gov
Digestion: Choanocytes
Amoebocytes
• Excretory: Amoebocytes
Systems
• Support: Amoebocytes form spongin
(soft) and spicules (hard)
• Respiration: Choanocytes
• Reproduction: Asexual
Sexual
Gemmules
www.biologycorner.com
Ecological Impact
• Positive
• Negative
Phylum Cnidaria
• Common Name: None – a.k.a. coelenterata
www.photolib.noaa.gov
www.palaeos.com
ecollectionbooks.com
• Examples: Hydra, jellyfish, coral, portugese
www.bayern.de
man o’ war, sea anemone
www.infomotions.com
Phylum Cnidaria
• Characteristics:
–
–
–
–
Adults have radial symmetry
Mostly marine – only hydra live in freshwater
Polyp (sessile) or medusa (motile)
Nematocysts (organelle) in cnidocytes (cells) to sting
their prey
– Cells arranged into 2 tissue layers with jellylike layer
in between.
• Epidermis/Ectoderm
• Mesoglea
• Gastrodermis
universe-review.ca
www.jcu.edu.au
Phylum Cnidaria
• Nutrition: sting prey with nematocysts,
push food into mouth with tentacles.
hypnea.botany.uwc.ac.za
www.palaeos.com
Systems
• Digestive: Gastrovascular cavity –
extracellular digestion (food can be larger
than individual cells) Food enters mouth
• Excretory: Undigested food exits mouth,
liquid waste diffuses into the water
• Nervous: Simple – nerve net, no brain
Systems
• Support: Mesoglea provides a general
shape. Coral secretes a calcium carbonate
exoskeleton
• Respiration: Gasses diffuse in/out of cells
• Circulation: none necessary
Reproduction
• Hydra
– Warm: Asexual (budding)
– Dropping Temp triggers sexual
www.dpo.uab.edu
• Jellyfish
– Polyps are asexual
– Medusa are sexual
• Hermaphrodite
– Anemone, mostly
– Produce both egg and sperm
fr.wikipedia.org
Ecological Impact
• Positive
• Negative
members.aol.com
www.australianfauna.com
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