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KINGDOM ANIMALIA
How many organisms are
there in the world?
1.5 million known species
on earth
– 250,000 plants
– 750,000 insects
– 43,000
vertebrates
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4200 mammals
9000 birds
6300 reptiles
4200 amphibians
18,000 bony
fishes
900 cartilaginous
fishes and
jawless fishes
CHARACTERISTICS
 EUKARYOTIC
 MULTICELLULAR
 HETEROTROPHIC
(by ingestion)
 MOVE AT SOME POINT IN LIFE
 DIGEST FOOD TO GET NUTRIENTS
 LACK CELL WALLS
TRENDS IN ANIMAL EVOLUTION
CELL SPECIALIZATION
 CEPHALIZATION
 EARLY DEVELOPMENT
 BODY SYMMETRY
 BODY CAVITY FORMATION
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CELL SPECIALIZATION
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CELLS FORM TISSUES
– EPITHELIAL (skin, lining of cavities)
– CONNECTIVE (bone, blood)
– MUSCULAR (heart, biceps)
– NERVOUS (brain, nerves)
CEPHALIZATION

CONCENTRATION OF SENSE ORGANS
AND NERVE CELLS AT FRONT END OF
BODY
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
FERTILIZATION FORMS A ZYGOTE
 BLASTULA (hollow ball of cells)
 GASTRULA (stage when layers that
produce adult tissues form)
 GERM LAYER
FORMATION
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GERM LAYERS
 ECTODERM
 ENDODERM
 MESODERM
GERM LAYERS
 ECTODERM
– Covers surface of embryo
– Forms outer covering & CNS
 ENDODERM
– Innermost germ layer
– Forms lining of digestive tract, liver,
lungs
 MESODERM
– Located b/w ectoderm & endoderm
– Forms muscles & most organs
2 TYPES OF DEVELOPMENT
 PROTOSTOMES
 DEUTEROSTOMES
– mouth forms
from the
opening
(blastopore) of
the gastrula
– anus forms from
the opening
(blastopore) of the
gastrula during
development
BODY SYMMETRY
 Animal’s
body plans are adapted
for how they get their food
 they may be motile (move) or
sessile (don’t move)
3 TYPES OF BODY SYMMETRY
 Asymmetrical-no
sponge)
 Radial-body
symmetry (ex,
Bilateral- body plan in
which single line can
divide body into 2
equal parts
plan in which body
parts repeat around center of
body
ANATOMICAL TERMS
 Dorsal-
top or back
 Ventral- bottom
 Anterior- head end that goes first
 Posterior- tail end that follows
 Lateral- along the side (lengthwise)
ANATOMICAL TERMS
Dorsal
Anterior
Posterior
Ventral
BODY PLANS
OR BODY CAVITY FORMATION

ACOELOMATE- no body cavity b/w
digestive tract and outer body wall
ex. Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
BODY PLANS
OR BODY CAVITY FORMATION
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PSEUDOCOELOMATE- slight body cavity
between the mesoderm and endoderm
Ex. Nematoda (roundworms)
BODY PLANS
OR BODY CAVITY FORMATION
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COELOMATE- body cavity forms and
cushions organs, allows for growth of
organs.
Ex. Annelids (earthworm)
FEEDING HETEROTROPHS
 HERBIVORES-
as plants
eat vegetation such
FEEDING HETEROTROPHS

CARNIVORES- eat other animals
FEEDING HETEROTROPHS
 OMNIVORES-
feed on both
vegetation & other animals
FEEDING HETEROTROPHS
 FILTER
FEEDERS- feed by straining
tiny floating plants
FEEDING HETEROTROPHS
 DETRITUS
FEEDERS- feed on tiny
bits of decaying matter
Sea Cucumber
FEEDING HETEROTROPHS
 PARASITES- feed on living organisms
usually destroying or injuring the host
organism
2 MAIN GROUPINGS OF ANIMALS

INVERTEBRATES
– 95% of animal
species
– No backbone
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VERTEBRATES
– 5% of animal species
– Contains backbone
Animals - Invertebrates
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Phylum Proifera
– Sponges, primitive filter feeders
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Phylum Cnidaria
– Jellyfish, corals, sea anemones
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Phylum Mollusca
– Bivalves - scallops, oysters, mussels, clams
– Gastropods – snails, slugs
– Cephalopods – squids, octopi
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Phylum Echinodermata
– Sea urchins and sea stars
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Phylum Arthropoda
– Spiders, scorpions, crabs, shrimp, insects, millipedes,
and more
Animals - Vertebrates
50,000 vertebrates
 2 groups
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– Jawless forms (Class Agnatha)
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Hagfishes, lampreys
– Jawed forms – most of the animals we know
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Condrichthyes – cartilaginous fishes, sharks, rays
Osteichthyes – bony fishes
Amphibia – salamanders, frogs, toads
Reptilia – snakes, lizards, turtles, crocodiles
Aves – birds
Mammalia - mammals
Animals – Vertebrate Classes
Condrichthyes
www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Education/bioprofile.htm
Animals – Vertebrate Classes
Osteichthyes
www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Education/bioprofile.htm
Animals – Vertebrate Classes
Amphibia
www.natureserve.org
Animals – Vertebrate Classes
Reptilia
www.natureserve.org
Animals – Vertebrate Classes
Aves
Animals – Vertebrate Classes
Mammalia