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Sponges Cnidarians Comb Jellies Jelly Fish and sponges are animals? Sponges were thought to be _______ because they_______ ___________________ Jellyfish were classified as the simplest animals,__________ _________________. What classifies an animal? The ___________classifies an organism Unique Features of Sponges Phylum Porifera • Based on the previous video why Do sponges need light?________ ___________ ___________ ___________ No Movement (________) No Tissue No organs What do sponges have? • Body is made of special cells that act like organs; _________________ • ____________________ • ________________ “Mouth” • ________________: Collar cells: “heart” _____________: “Stomach” • _______________: “skeleton” Examples of Sponges 10,000 species Glass sponges Bath Sponge Calcium Carbonate Sponge Sponges are classified Based on spicules “_________” __________________. Ex: Silica, spongin, calcium carbonate Feeding and Digestion • Suspension feeders (_________________) • ___________________unicellular algae, bits of organic matter (detritus) • Size matters – _____________--pinacocytes and archaeocytes – ______________--choanocytes • ______________do most of the digestion and storage of food • Wastes leave via _________ Reproduction • ________________________ ______________________ • _______________ (Can grow back) • Sexual reproduction – Sperm enter though the ostia, choanocytes carry them to the egg. – Larvae usually develop in the adult then exit through osculum,. _______________of Sponges • Filter feeders: Filter out the water – Sponges are eaten ______________________ – sponge crabs place a sponges on their back to camouflage with their environment - ______________________for animals Human Importance of Sponges • _________________: provides jobs and drives economy in towns that collect them Phylum Cnidaria hydra, stinging jellyfish, coral, anemones General Characteristics of Cnidarians: Jellyfish • http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/animals/invertebratesanimals/other-invertebrates/jellyfish.html • ________________ • _______________________ • _________________________ define this group nematocytes: stinging cells Cnidarians • Have __________________ • _________ or _____ body plans Cnidarian Structure • _________________ • _______________2 tissue layers (_____________) – Epidermis – Endoderm (gastric) – Mesoglea (jelly) between the two tissue layers. _________________ – __________________ Reproduction in Cnidarians _____________________: Turritopsis nutricula after the Medusa stage it goes back to the polyp and then Medusa then polyp “forever” ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ Feeding and Digestion • Tentacles with_____________ • ____________________ Blue=anemone mouth red= fish flesh – suspension feeders, plankton – jellyfish are carnivorous-hunt vertebrates and invertebrates • • • • • • Tentacles then _____________ ________________________ Enzymes digest, cells absorb __________________________ __________________________ http://www.yourdiscovery.com/ Jellyfish catching fish Anemone eating mussel Cnidaria have: Cnidocytes, stinging cells that capture prey Nervous System • • • • ________________ ________________ Respond to stimuli from all directions Nerve net controls responses and movement Phylum Cnidarians: Include Classes Scyphozoa: Jellyfish Cubuzoa: Box Jellyfish Hydrozoa: Hydroids Anthozoa: Corals, Sea Anemones Class Scyphozoa: Jelllyfish • ______________________, over 280 species: • http://www.yourdiscovery.com/video/nature s-perfect-predators-australian-box-jellyfish/ 1. Crown Jellyfish 2. Sea Nettles 3. Blubber Jellyfish Class Scyphozoa (jellyfish) • _________ = primary stage • ______________________ Domed Shape • most are small _________ • _____________________ • largest reach 70+ meters • And 450 pounds • http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/2886 5-discover-magazine-jelly-fish-behavior-and-dietvideo.htm Class: Cubuzoa • Not True Jellyfish different then scyphozoans • Called______________ • __________shaped not umbrella shaped like scyphozoans. • This shape makes them ____________ • _______________________ • Much ____________in Nematocysts • More developed nervous system • http://www.yourdiscovery.com/video/natures-perfectpredators-australian-box-jellyfish/ Box Jelly True Jellyfish Long Island Scyphozoa Lions mane can get up to 8 feet, normally 12 inches as seen In the picture to the right For Jellyfish Sting use vinegar To neutralize the Venom: Moon Jellyfish 410 inches There sting does not hurt people Jellyfish as Food? Scyphozoa: Hydrozoa • ________________________________ – feeding polyps – reproductive polyps • ________________________________ • __________________________. Instead, the colony is suspended from a gas sac. Usually found in tropical waters but can be pushed by currents as far North to Canadian waters • man o war Anthozoa (sea anemones, coral, gorgonians) • _________________, most are sessile, never in the medusa stage • Most Anthozoans _______________and therefore require light to live. • ___________ • ________________ • __________________ Anthozoa: Corals ________________ _ ________________ Reef Builders and non reef builders __________are called ________ corals or Hard Corals ____________are called ___________ corals or soft Soft Coral/non building reef corals Hard Coral/ reef building corals Anthozoa: Hermatypic Corals They obtain part of their energy from_____________ ____________________________________________. They secrete calcium carbonate to form a __________ ________. Hermatypic Corals Create Reefs called the Rainforest of the sea • _______________________ • _______________________ • ___________ ocean contains coral reefs • Reefs worldwide provide economic services worth $375 billion per year. ___________________________ ________________________ • At the current rate of coral bleaching due to warmer sea temperatures, All coral reef ecosystems will be gone in 30-40 years. • Healthy Bleached Phylum Ctenophora Comb Jellies Comb Jellies • Resemble jellyfish, • Comb plates (rows of cilia) run along exterior and propel the animal • Most do not have cnidocytes • Secrete sticky substance to bind prey or net-like tentacles Bioluminescence to attract prey, mates, or perhaps to deter predators Usually found in deep waters
