Download Phylum Porifera

Phylum Porifera
Phylum Porifera
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Means “pore-bearer”
Asymmetry…no definite shape
Sessile as adults
Includes sponges…not very complex
(no tissues/organs/systems)
• Life functions take place at cell level.
• Outer layer of cells, inner layer of
cells “jelly” in between (mesohyl)
• Some have spicules (CaCO3) for
support/structure.
Phylum Porifera
• Water goes in through holes in
side (ostia) and out through the
top hole (osculum)
• Cells called choanocytes (collar
cells) have flagella that move
the water and filter out bits of
organic material
• Amoebocytes move the food
around the mesohyl
Phylum Porifera
• Reproduce by:
– regeneration (broken parts grow
new ones)
– budding (new one grows off of old
one, eventually separates)
– gemmule (when conditions bad,
makes a ball of amoebocytes)
– sexually by egg and sperm
(hermaphroditic) swimming
larva
Phylum Porifera
Phylum Porifera
Phylum Cnidaria
• Radial symmetry
• A few tissues and organs
• Includes hydra, jellyfish, coral,
sea anemones, Portuguese man
of war
• 2 shapes during lifetime;
– Medusa (bell shape, motile)
– Polyp (tube shape, sessile)
Phylum Cnidaria
• Outer and inner layer of cells
– epidermis … “outside skin”
– gastrodermis … “stomach skin”
• Central gastrovascular cavity
surrounded by tentacles with
stinging cells (cnidocytes)
• Nerve net for body control…not a
brain, but some cells that work
together for motion
Phylum Cnidaria
• Classes:
– Hydrozoa (polyp is adult form)
• Portugese Man of War, Hydra, Obelia,
– Cubozoa (box jellies)
– Scyphozoa (“cup animals” medusa is
adult form)
• Sea jellies
– Anthozoa (“flower animals”)
• Sea anemone, coral
Hydra (Class Hydrozoa)
budding
Obelia (Class Hydrozoa)
Class Hydrozoa
Aurelia (Class
Scyphozoa)
juvenile
adult
Sea Jelly (Class Scyphozoa)
Sea Jellies (Class Scyphozoa)
Sea Jellies
(Class
Scyphozoa)
Sea Jellies (Class Scyphozoa)
Videos:
• Sea jelly in motion:
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bp8NlQUeTq8&featur
e=related
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DPWGF-51QX4
Sea Anemone (Class
Anthozoa)
Coral (Class Anthozoa)
Coral (Class Anthozoa)
Coral (Class
Anthozoa)
Videos:
• Sea anemone feeding:
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1A5acWEERA&featu
re=related
• Coral eating:
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rqhp_RtP44Q&featur
e=related
Box jelly
(Class
Cubozoa)
Box Jelly (Class Cubozoa)
Box Jelly
(Class
Cubozoa)
Portugese Man of War
(Class Hydrozoa)
Portugese Man of War
(Class Hydrozoa)
Phylum Ctenophora
• Comb jellies
• Similar to sea jellies, except:
– No cnidocysts on tentacles… sticky
cell instead of stinging ones
(colloblasts)
– Move via cilia in rows on outside
(not pulsing)
– Bioluminescence: an algae
symbiotically lives inside
Phylum Ctenophora
Phylum
Ctenophora
Phylum Ctenophora
Phylum
Ctenophora
Videos:
• Comb jellies:
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G7WT81ukHZE
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A9MppQlAykg
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=icKB9EfURhQ