Download Kingdom Animalia

Kingdom
Animalia
Kingdom Animalia
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They are complex, multicellular organisms
Their cells have a nucleus and organelles
Their cells do not have a cell wall
Most of them can move about freely from place
to place
• They lack chlorophyll and obtain their food by
feeding on the body parts of other organisms
• They have specialized systems for detecting the
environment, movement and coordinating body
functions
Classification of Animals
Animals
Vertebrates
(with backbone)
Invertebrates
(without
backbone)
Backbone/Vertebral Column
Backbone
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
The major groups of invertebrates are:
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Coelenterates/Cnidarians
Flatworms
Roundworms
Ringed worms
Arthropods
Molluscs
Echinoderms
Cnidarians
(Coelenterates)
Cnidarians
• They have a soft, sac-like body with one
opening forming the mouth and anus
• They have tentacles with stinging cells which
can paralyze organisms
• They live in fresh or sea water
• Examples: jellyfish, coral, sea anemone and
Hydra
Anemone
Bubble Coral
Hydra
Jellyfish
Flatworms
Flatworms
• They have a long and flattened body
• Some are human parasites, which obtain
nutrients from the human body
• Examples: tapeworm, liverfluke and planarian
Planarian
Tapeworm
Liverfluke
Roundworms
Roundworms
• They have a small, cylindrical body with two
pointed ends
• Their body is long and unsegmented
• Some of them are free living and some are
parasites in plants and animals
• Examples: Ascaris and hookworm
Hookworm
Ascaris
Ringed Worms
Ringed Worms
• They have an elongated body with
segments
• They have chaetae (singular: chaeta), i.e.
bristle-like hair, for movement
• They live in soil or water
• Examples: earthworm and leech
Chaetae
Earthworm
Leech
Arthropods
Arthropods
• They are protected by a hard exoskeleton
• They have jointed legs
• Their body is divided into distinct regions
made up of segments
• The number of types of arthropods in the
world are more than the number of types
of other animals put together
4 Groups of Arthropods
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2)
3)
4)
Crustaceans
Arachnids
Myriapods
Insects
Crustaceans
• They have five or more pairs of jointed
legs and two pairs of antennae (singular:
antenna)
• They are mainly aquatic
• They use gills for gas exchange
• Examples: shrimp, crab, water flea, lobster
and woodlouse
Lobster
Woodlouse
Crab
Shrimp
Water Flea
Arachnids
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They have four pairs of jointed legs
They have no antennae
They mainly live on land
Their body is divided into two parts: head
and abdomen
• Examples: spider, scorpion and mite
Spider
Scorpion
Mite
Myriapods
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They have a long and segmented body
They have many pairs of legs
They are terrestrial animals
Examples: centipede (one pair of legs on
each segment) and millipede (two pairs of
legs on each segment)
Millipede
Centipede
Insects
• They have clearly defined head, thorax and
abdomen
• They have three pairs of jointed legs and two pairs of
wings
• They have one pair of antennae
• They have one pair of compound eyes
• They are the most numerous animals in the world
• Some insects undergo metamorphosis during their
development from larva to adult stage
• Examples: butterfly, grasshopper, bee, beetle,
dragonfly, cockroach and mosquito
Grasshopper
Cocoon
Butterfly
Molluscs
Molluscs
• They have a soft and unsegmented body,
usually with a hard shell protecting the
body
• Most of them have a muscular foot
• Most of them live in water
• Examples: snail, clam, squid and octopus
Snail
Clam
Octopus
Squid
Echinoderms
Echinoderms
• They have a radially symmetrical body (i.e.
having a symmetrical arrangement of
radiating parts about a central point)
• They have a tough skin which may be
covered with spines
• They live in sea water
• Examples: starfish, sea urchin and sea
cucumber
Sea Urchin
Sea Cucumber
Starfish
Vertebrates
Vertebrates
The major groups of vertebrates are:
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Fish
Amphibian
Reptile
Bird
Mammal
Fish
Fish
• They have a moist skin covered with
scales
Fish scales
– for protection
Fish
• They have a moist skin covered with
scales
• They are aquatic vertebrates
• They use gills for gas exchange
• They have a streamlined body, which
reduces water resistance during swimming
• They have fins for swimming and
maintaining balance in water
Fish
• They lay eggs in water
Fish eggs
Fish
• They lay eggs in water
• Their body temperature changes with the
environment, i.e. they are poikilotherms
• Examples: shark, eel, goldfish and sea
horse
Eel
Sea Horse
Goldfish
Angel Fish
Shark
Amphibians
Amphibians
• They have a “naked” and moist skin
• Tadpoles, the young stage of amphibians,
are fish-like and live in water. The adults
are partly aquatic and partly terrestrial
• Tadpoles have gills for gas exchange
whereas the adults may use the skin,
mouth and lungs for gas exchange
Amphibians
• They have two pairs of limbs with five
digits each in the adult stage for
movement
• They lay eggs in water
• They are poikilotherms
• Examples: frog, toad and salamander
Frog
Salamand
er
Toa
Reptiles
Reptiles
• They have a dry, hard skin covered with
scales
• Many live on land
• They have lungs for gas exchange
• They lay eggs enclosed in a hard shell on
land
• They are poikilotherms
• Examples: lizard, snake, tortoise and
crocodile
Snake
Lizar
d
Crocodile
Tortoise
Dinosaurs –
BrachiosaurusThe Terrible Lizar
Tyrannosaurus
Birds
Birds
• Their skin is covered with feathers
• They have two pairs of limbs: the forelimbs
are modified to form a pair of wings for
flying
• Most of the birds can fly but some cannot,
such as penguins and ostriches
• They have no teeth. Their jaws are
pointed and form a beak
• They have lungs for gas exchange
Birds
• They lay eggs enclosed in a hard shell on
land
• The parents look after their young
• They maintain a constant body
temperature, i.e. they are homoiotherms
• Examples: swallow, penguin, owl, duck,
ostrich, robin and pigeon
Owl
Bird Eggs
Duck
Anteater
Kangaroo
Platypus
Koala Bear
Classification of
Vertebrat
Vertebrates
Fish
Amphibia
• Scales ns
• Slimy
es
Reptiles
• Dry
scales
• 4 limbs
Birds
Mamma
ls
• Hairs
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skins,
Feather
s
• Fins
scales
• 4nolimbs
•2
• 4 limbs
limbs +
• Gills
• Gills
• Lungs
• 2Lungs
• Lungs
(Larvae)
wings
Lungs
• Eggs
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Eggs
• Shelled•
• Born
Shelled- alive
eggs
Can
control their
eggs
not control their own body temperature
own body
temperature
• Beaks •
What bird is the
biggest in the
world???
OSTRICHES!!!
The ostrich is the biggest bird in the world.
It can weigh up to 300 lbs!! Ostriches are
rapid runners – they can attain a speed of
about 65 km/hour. Ostriches also lay the
biggest eggs among the birds. An ostrich
egg is about 3.3 pounds and is the size of
a baby’s head. FYI, one ostrich egg can
make an omelet for 10 people!!!!!
Mammals
Mammals
• They have hair on their skin
• They have lungs for gas exchange
• Their young develop inside the mother’s
body and are born alive
• After birth, the young are fed by milk from
the mother’s mammary glands
• The parents look after their young
Mammals
• They have highly developed brains
• They are homoiotherms and have a welldeveloped system for regulating the body
temperature
• Examples: giraffe, dog, lion, dolphin,
kangaroo, panda, cat, wolf and human
Primitive Mammals
• They lay eggs instead of giving birth to the
young alive
• Some of them carry their eggs in
pockets/pouches in the abdomen
• When the young are hatched from the egg,
they are fed by milk produced in the mother’s
mammary glands
• Some pouched mammals do not lay eggs, but
their young are born in a very immature state
and need to be carried inside the mother’s
pouch immediately after birth for further
development
• They are found mainly in Australia