Download KINGDOM ANIMALIA - Ms. Rago's Class Website

Phylum Arthropoda
The largest animal phylum- 1 million
species of crabs, shrimp, spiders,
scorpions and insects make up this
phylum
Have jointed appendages; segmented
bodies
Exoskeletons made of chitin
Molt; have heads with many sensory
organs.
Bilateral
Simple and complex eyes that detect
Phylum Arthropods
(cont.)
Sexual Reproduction- where sperm is
released inside the female’s body, not in
water.
Larvae of many species develop into very
different adults, a process called
metamorphosis.
Can develop resistance to insecticidesdemonstrates how quickly they adapt to a
changing environment.
Short generations and many offspring
increase the chance that random
mutations will produce a few resistant
Arthropods are segmented
animals with jointed appendages
and an exoskeleton
Cephalothorax
Antennae
(sensory
reception)
Abdomen
Thorax
Head
Swimming
appendages
Walking legs
Figure 18.11A
Pincer (defense)
Mouthparts (feeding)
Chelicerates
Colorized SEM 900
– Include horseshoe crabs and
arachnids, such as spiders,
scorpions, mites, and ticks
A black widow spider (about
1 cm wide)
A scorpion (about 8 cm long)
Figure 18.11B, C
A dust mite (about 420
µm long)
Millipedes and Centipedes
– Are identified by the number of
jointed legs per body segment
Figure 18.11D
Crustaceans
- Are nearly all aquatic
- Include crabs, shrimps, and
barnacles
Figure 18.11E
Insects are the most diverse group of
arthropods
Insects have a 3 -part body consisting
of
• Head, thorax, and abdomen
• Three sets of legs
• Wings (most, but not all insects)
– Many insects undergo incomplete or
complete metamorphosis
A. Order
Orthoptera
B. Order
Odonata
• Grasshoppers,
crickets,
katydids,
Abdomen
Head
Thorax
and locusts
• Dragonflies and
damselflies
Antenna Forewing
Eye
Mouthparts
Hindwing
Figure 18.12B
Figure 18.12A
C. Order
Hemiptera
• Bedbugs, plant
bugs, stinkbugs,
and water
striders
Figure 18.12C
D. Order
Coleoptera
• Beetles
Figure 18.12D
E. Order
Lepidoptera
F. Order
Diptera
• Moths and
butterflies
• Flies, fruit flies,
houseflies, gnats,
mosquitoes
Haltere
Figure 18.12F
Figure 18.12E
G. Order Hymenoptera
• Ants, bees, and wasps
Figure 18.12G
Phylum Echinodermata
Sea stars and sea urchins.
Reproduce sexually.
Sperm and eggs are released in
water, where they join and
fertilize
Movement by seawater into
and out of a system of internal
tubes.
The water vascular system - has
suction cup–like tube feet used
for respiration and locomotion
Anus
Spines
Stomach
Tube feet
Canals
Figure 18.13A
Phylum Echinodermata
Phylum Chordata
Vertebrates-fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds,
and mammals.
Full development of organ systems
Mostly sexual reproduction
4 defining characteristics:
Stiff dorsal rod helps to organize the embryo's
development.
The central nervous system (brain and spinal
cord) is tubular
Their sides have slits just behind the head.
These pharyngeal slits (pharynx means
“throat”) becomes gill slits of adult fish. In airbreathing chordates, they develop into various
organs such as internal parts of the ears
They have a tail; in humans it’s the tailbone, or
coccyx, which curls internally.
Phylum Chordata
Lampreys are vertebrates that lack
hinged jaws and paired fins
Most vertebrates have
hinged jaws which may have
evolved from skeletal
supports of the gill slits
.16A
Gill
slits
Skeletal
rods
Skull
Mouth
Figure 18.16B
CLASS: Fish
Jawed vertebrates with gills and
paired fins include sharks, rayfinned fishes, and lobe-fins
Chondrichthyans
•Have a flexible skeleton
made of car tilage
•Include sharks and rays
Figure 18.17A
Ray-finned
Fishes
• A skeleton
reinforced with
a hard matrix
of calcium
phosphate
• Operculi that
move water
over the gills
• A buoyant
swim bladder
Bony skeleton
Dorsal fin
Gills
Operculum
Figure 18.17B
Pectoral fin
Heart
Rainbow trout,
a ray-fin
Anal fin
Swim bladder
Pelvic fin
Lobe-fins
• Have muscular fins suppor
ted by bones
Figure 18.17C
CLASS: Amphibians
– The first tetrapods—vertebrates
with 2 pairs of limbs allowing
movement on land
Bones
supporting
gills
Figure 18.18A
Tetrapod
limb
skeleton
• Include frogs, toads,
and salamanders
• Most amphibian
embryos and larvae
must develop in water
Figure 18.18B–D
CLASS: Reptiles
Amniotes — tetrapods with a
terrestrially adapted egg
Terrestrial adaptations include
•Waterproof scales
•A shelled, amniotic egg
•Ectothermic
Figure 18.19A, B
Dinosaurs were the most diverse
reptiles to inhabit land
•Largest animals ever to inhabit land
•May have been endothermic,
producing their own body heat
Figure 18.19C
CLASS: Birds
Considered feathered reptiles
with adaptations for flight
– Birds thought to have evolved
from small, two-legged
dinosaurs
Wing claw
called theropods (like dinosaur) Teeth
(like dinosaur)
Figure 18.20A
Long tail with
many vertebrae Feathers
(like dinosaur)
Birds are reptiles that have
ure 18.20B
•Wings, feathers, endothermic
metabolism, and many other
adaptations related to flight such as
Flight ability is
light bones
typical of birds
but there are a
few flightless
species
Figure 18.20C
CLASS: Mammals
Amniotes that
have hair,
produce milk, and
are endothermic
• Hair, which
insulates their
bodies
• Mammary
glands, which
produce milk
Monotremes lay
eggs
Figure 18.21A
– The embryos of marsupials and eutherians are
nurtured by the placenta within the uterus
– Marsupial offspring complete development
attached to the mother, usually inside a pouch
Figure 18.21B
– Eutherians- placental mammal
complete development before bir
th
Figure 18.21C
The End of Animalia
Notes!
Kingdom Books due 4/30!