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Today’s outline
1. Welcome and introductions
2. Overview of the lab section
3. Lab safety and clean-up
4. Lab 1: Insect diversity and adaptation
5. Intro to Lab 2: The scientific method
Lab safety and cleanliness
1. Read Appendix A carefully
2. Emergency equipment and procedures
3. Properly dispose of wastes
4. Clean up during and after the lab
5. Wash your hands
Image credit: www.shawneetownship.com
Part A.3 (magnification)
Image credit: www.ruf.rice.edu
Part A.3 (magnification)
Count: 55 o.u. = 0.5 mm
Divide: 1 o.u. = 0.5 mm / 55 o.u.
= 0.009 mm
Convert: 1 o.u. = 0.009 mm x 1000
= 9 ųm
Image credit: www.ruf.rice.edu
Introduction to statistics
Frequency (probability)
When should we get excited about an observed difference?
Small
Do
notdifferences
reject null are common
Rejectdifferences
Large
null
are rare
C2critical
Difference
Gate
Stopper
Hole
Lid
Passageway
Isopods
Screen
floor
Choices
Well
Image credits: museumvictoria.com.au, www.jesslaccetti.co.uk
Sir Charles Darwin
(1809-1882)
Image credits: www.amnh.org, www2.biologie.uni-halle.de
GENETICS
$100
In eukaryotes, a structure composed of DNA and proteins that bears part of the genetic
What
is a chromosome?
information of the cell.
$200
One of many discrete units of hereditary information located on a chromosome and
What
is a gene?
consisting of DNA.
$300
The alternate
form of a gene.
What
is an allele?
$400
A
particular
place along the length of a chromosome where a given gene is located.
What
is a locus?
$500
In a diploid
organism, having two identical alleles for a given trait.
What
is homozygous?
$1000
The
change
in genetic structure of a population.
What
is evolution?
Image credit: www.tvsquad.com
Lab5 (local adaptation):
Frequency
Lab4 (Population genetics):
Pop. 1
Trait value
Pop. 2
Trait value
Frequency
This lab (Genetic variability):
High diversity
Trait value
Low diversity
Trait value
Trait value
Chukchi Sea
Siberia


Terrestrial
gene flow
Marine
gene flow
Alaska
Chukchi Sea
Bering Sea
Siberia


Terrestrial
gene flow
Marine
gene flow
Bering Sea
Image credit: instaar.colorado.edu
Alaska
Chukchi Sea
Alaska
Siberia
Reindeer
(Rangifer tarandus fennicus)
Bering Sea
Caribou
(Rangifer tarandus granti)
Image credits: instaar.colorado.edu, homestudy.ihdea.com, www.fresnochaffeezoo.cxm
11. a. Interpret your gel
b. Input your data
Clean up
Pheidole rhea
Soldier
Worker
Image credits: W. Blaine Stine, www.myrmecos.net
Impatiens walleriana
Shade
Sun
Image credits: W. Blaine Stine, P. Venturelli
Part D (density of stomata)
Image credits: www.render-lab.com, tiee.ecoed.net
Image credits: www.epa.gov, www.agpix.com, www.umanitoba.ca, rydberg.biology.colostate.edu
Image credits: kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca, rydberg.biology.colostate.edu
Image credits: hh.cocolog-nifty.com, kingstonfieldnaturalists.org, www.wpclipart.com, www.britannica.com
10 cm
?
Ichthyostega (365 MYA)
Image credits: www.photobirds.com, www.jupiterimages.com, www.istockphoto.com, www.earthhistory.org.uk
Exercise 4
– 6:0→1
Ostrich
Goose
Duck
Robin
Myrtle w.
Nash. w.
– Stiff tail
– Small body
– Warbling song
– Webbed feet
–“Duck” bill
– Singing
– Keeled sternum
Image credits: www.dailyspeculations.com, www.birdsofoklahoma.net, Terry Sohl, www.birdsofoklahoma.net, www.christinevadai.com, www.bird-friends.com
Image credits: www.mark-ju.net, www.biologyreference.com, www.britannica.com, www.wildshop.com.au, www.elkhornslough.org, www.oakvilleseniors.com,
www.jewishworldreview.com, z.about.com, www.ontariotravel.net, www.csc.com