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Effects of Oral Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin
And
Life Style modifications
On
Glycemic control of Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Thailand
Presented by
Dr. Soe Sandi Tint
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Background and Rationale
 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a clinical syndrome characterized by
hyperglycemia due to absolute or relative deficiency of Insulin
 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a Global Pandemic diseases
 Chronic illness that requires continuing medical care, ongoing
patient self-management education and support, life style
modifications and regular monitoring of their blood glucose level
within normal limit to prevent severe complications
Background and Rationale
 Globally, about 346 million people are suffering Diabetes
 Many glycemic uncontrolled Diabetes patients got complications
after 5 years of being diagnosed as Diabetes
 In Thailand 2006, only 26.3% of participants in Thai Diabetes
Registry Project got control of HbA1c < 7%
Background and Rationale
 Metformin (OHA) is the preferred initial pharmacological agent for
type 2 Diabetes
 Life style modification is also one of the way to achieve the target
glycemic control level of HbA1c
 Treatment with OHA, Insulin (pharmacological treatment) and Life
style modifications (non-pharmacological treatment) is know to
reduce glycemia in patients with type 2 Diabetes
 In thailand, it is still unknown that which treatment attains target
HbA1c level below 7%
Research Questions
 What are the baseline characteristics (Gender, Age, BMI, Duration
of Diabetes, Occupation, Health care financing) among type 2
Diabetes patients in Thailand?
 What are the prevalence of complications among type 2 Diabetes
patients in Thailand?
 What are the prevalence of Glycemic control and uncontrolled level
among type 2 Diabetes patients in Thailand?
 What is the effective treatment between pharmacological (OHA,
Insulin, both OHA and Insulin) and non-pharmacological among
type 2 Diabetes patients in Thailand?
 What is the association between Glycemic level (control and
uncontrolled) and baseline characteristics among type 2 Diabetes
patients in Thailand?
Research Hypothesis
 There is association between Glycemic level (control and
uncontrolled) and baseline characteristics among type 2 Diabetes
patients in Thailand
 Life style modifications (non-pharmacological treatment) and OHA
(pharmacological treatment) are the best effective treatment to
attain the target HbA1c level (< 7%)
Objectives
 To describe the baseline characteristics (Gender, Age, BMI,
Duration of Diabetes, Occupation, Health care financing) among
type 2 Diabetes patients in Thailand
 To describe the prevalence of complications among type 2 Diabetes
patients in Thailand?
 To describe the prevalence of Glycemic control and uncontrolled
level among type 2 Diabetes patients in Thailand?
 To assess the effects of pharmacological and non-pharmacological
treatment on glycemic control among type 2 Diabetes patients in
Thailand?
Significant of the study
 In Thailand, there is not much information and studies about the
effects of OHA, Insulin (pharmacological treatment) and Life style
modifications (non-pharmacological treatment) on Glycemic control
of Type 2 Diabetes patients
Research Methodology
Study Design
 Cross sectional analytical study
Study Area
 Ministry of Public Health and Bangkok
Administration Hospitals in Thailand
Study Population
 Type 2 Diabetes patients aged between ---------------
metropolitan
Research Methodology
Inclusion Criteria
 Type 2 Diabetes alone patients who are on the treatment of OHA,
Insulin, both OHA and Insulin (Pharmacological treatment) and life
style modifications (Non-pharmacological treatment)
Sample Size
 Sample = 8421 patients
Study Period
 -------------------
Research Methodology
Sampling Technique
 Samples were selected based on the probability proportional to sixe
of the patients for each hospital
Research Methodology
Data Analysis Process
 Descriptive Statistics
- Independent variables were described by using frequency and
percentage for categorical data and mean, standard deviation
were used for continuous data
- HbA1c < 7% as control group and >= 7% as uncrontrol group
were analyzed as dependent variables
Research Methodology
Data Analysis Process
 Analytical statistics
- Bivariate analysis was done to measure the association between
dependent variable and independent variables
- Logistic regression was used in this analysis
- Multivariate analysis – variable having p value 0.25 or less was
included in the Multivariate model
Research Methodology
Limitation of the study
 Resource and time constrain
 Insufficient data and missing values in the data (secondary data)
RESULTS
Descriptive Analysis
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Descriptive Analysis
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Analytical Statistics
Analytical Statistics
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