Download Chapter 1: Understanding Human Communication

Chapter 1:
Understanding Human
Communication
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1
Quotable Quote
"We listen to the equivalent of a book a
day, talk the equivalent of a book a
week, read the equivalent of a book a
month, and write the equivalent of a
book a year.”
Walter Loban, School of Education
University of California, Berkeley
Source: M. H. Buckley (1992) “Focus on Research,” Language Arts, 69: 101-109.
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2
Do You Have the Right
Stuff for the Job?
Employers ranked the following skills in terms
of their importance for hiring college graduates.
How would you rank these skills?
___ Analytical Skills
___Writing Skills
___Computer Skills
___Teamwork Skills
___Oral Communication
Skills
___Interpersonal Skills
___Leadership skills
___Proficiency in Field of
Study
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3
Communication Functions
Provide More Examples
•
•
•
•
•
•
Personal: To comfort a grieving friend
Professional: _________________________
Education: To give an A+ oral report in class
Intercultural: __________________________
Intellectual: To explain a complex principle
Societal: To critically and fairly analyze the
candidates in an election
• Ethical: To stand up and support what is right
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4
Define Communication
Use these words and phrases to
write a definition of communication
verbal and nonverbal message
process
contexts
meaning
messages
cultures
generate
channels
within and across
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5
Communication Defined
The process of using verbal
and nonverbal messages to
generate meaning within and
across various contexts,
cultures, and channels
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6
Context, Culture, and
Channels
• Context: Where, when, with whom, and
under what circumstances you
communicate
• Culture: The characteristics, attitudes,
and behaviors of diverse communicators
• Channels: Transmitting messages via
sight, sound, taste, smell, and/or touch
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7
Seven Elements and
Guiding Principles of
Effective Communication
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Self: Know thy self
Others: Connect with others
Purpose: Determine your goal
Context: Adapt to the place and occasion
Content: Select appropriate content
Structure: Organize your message
Expression: Practice skillful expression
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8
Self and Others
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9
Purpose and Context
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10
Content and Structure
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11
Expression
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12
Communication Contexts
•
•
•
•
Psychosocial Context
Logistical Context
Interactional Context
Mediated Context
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13
Interactional Contexts
Provide a Second Example
• Interpersonal Communication Examples:
(1) Parent and child; (2) ______________
• Group Communication Examples:
(1) Staff meeting; (2) _________________
• Presentational Communication Examples:
(1) Sermon; (2) _____________________
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14
Interpersonal
Communication
Occurs when a limited number
of people, usually two, interact
for the purpose of sharing
information, accomplishing a
specific goal, or maintaining a
relationship
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15
Group Communication
Occurs when three or more
interdependent people interact
for the purpose of achieving a
common goal
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16
Presentational
Communication
Occurs when speakers generate
meaning with audience members
who are usually present at the
delivery of a presentation
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17
PowerPoint Quiz
Which key element of communication
is addressed when a speaker asks:
“What arguments should I use to
support my ideas about gun control?”
A.
B.
C.
D.
Self
Others
Purpose
Context
E. Content
F. Structure
G. Expression
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18
PowerPoint Quiz
Which key element of communication
element is operating in this example?
Cherie spends hours preparing an agenda
for the upcoming meeting she will chair
because she wants everyone to know
exactly what topics will be discussed.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Self
Others
Purpose
Context
E. Content
F. Structure
G. Expression
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19
Media Richness
Theory
Face-to-face communication is the
richest medium because you can
 see and respond to others instantly.
 use nonverbal communication to ______
________________________________.
 use your own natural speaking style.
 _______________________________.
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20
Communication Models
• Identify the basic components in the
communication process
• Show how basic components relate
to and interact with one another
• Explain why a communicative act did
or did not achieve its purpose
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21
Early Communication
Models
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22
Transactional
Communication Model
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23
Match the
Communication Terms
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Encoding
Decoding
Feedback
Noise
Channel
__ verbal or nonverbal responses
from others
__ prevent messages from
reaching receivers as intended
__ the decision-making process
that creates & sends messages
__ converts messages into
understandable forms
__ means of message
transmission
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24
Theories, Methods, and
Tools
• Theories: Statements that describe,
explain, and predict events and behavior
• Strategies: Specific plans of action you
select to communicate with others
• Skills: Your ability to accomplish specific
communicative goals
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25
Make Communication an
Enduring Habit
A habit is “the intersection of knowledge,
skill, and desire.”
“Knowledge is the theoretical paradigm, the
what to do and the why. Skills represent
how to do it. And desire is the motivation,
the want to do it. In order to make
something a habit in our lives, we have to
have all three. . . .”
Stephen Covey, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People
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26
Apply the NCA Ethics
Credo
Sneaky Pete borrows a
speech written by a friend
to use in his speech class.
Other than making a few
minor changes, Sneaky
Pete presentations and
submits this speech as his
own.
Which ethics credo
principle did Sneaky Pete
violate?
A. Advocate truthfulness,
accuracy, honesty, and
reason.
B. Advocate sharing
information, opinions,
and feelings.
C. Accept responsibility for
the short- and longterm consequences of
our own
communication.
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27
Communication Assessment
Are You an Effective Communicator?
Rate the following communication competencies in terms of
their importance to you for becoming a more effective
communicator.
Item
Extremely
Important
Very
Important
Fairly
Important
Not Very
Important
Not at all
Important
1. Reduce
your
speaking
anxiety
2. Listen
effectively to
others
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28
TEST Your Knowledge
Theories ask why; strategies ask
what; skills ask how; and ethics asks
a. who.
b. where.
c. when.
d. whether.
e. all of the above.
See p. 21 for more review questions.
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29