Download Ch06 - Interpersonal Communication and Conversation

Essentials of Human
Communication,
7th Edition
Joseph A. DeVito
Hunter College of
the City University
of New York
Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005
Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter Six:
Interpersonal Communication and Conversation
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Copyright ©2011, 2008, 2005
Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter Six Goals
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Maintain conversations more effectively
Have more satisfying conversations
Use different techniques to make
communication more effective
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Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Conversational Realities
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Dialogue occurs in a number of places,
contexts, and channels.
Language disorders can interrupt the
conversational process and require certain
adjustments to maintain smooth dialogue.
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Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Conversation: 5 Steps
Business
Feedforward
Opening
Feedback
Closing
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Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Opening
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Greeting another
person
Verbal (“Hello”)
Nonverbal (handshake,
wave)
Feedforward
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Opens channels of
communication
Previews future
messages
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Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Business
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The substance and focus of the conversation
Fulfills one of the basic components of
interpersonal communication: learn, relate,
influence, play, or help
Exchanges roles of speaker and listener
frequently
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Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Feedback
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The act of reflecting on a conversation
How to make feedback more effective:
–
–
–
If the feedback is mostly negative, start with
something positive
Give feedback in the appropriate time and place
Get feedback about your feedback
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Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Closing
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The “good bye” of the conversation
Combination of verbal and nonverbal
Usually signals some degree of
supportiveness
May summarize the interaction as a
conclusion
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Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Principles of Conversation
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Turn-Taking
Dialogue
Immediacy
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The Principle of Turn-Taking
Speaker Cues
 Turn-Maintaining cues
 Turn-Yielding cues
Listener Cues
 Turn-Requesting cues
 Turn-Denying cues
 Back-channeling cues
and interruptions
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Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Turn-Taking and Conversational Wants
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The Principle of Dialogue
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Dialogue = Conversation
Each person is a speaker and listener
Objective is mutual understanding and
empathy
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Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Principle of Immediacy
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The creation of closeness, a
sense of togetherness, of
oneness between speaker and
listener
Can make people more attractive
to others
Can be verbal or nonverbal
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Everyday Conversations
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Small talk
Introducing people
Excuses and apologies
Complimenting
Advice
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Small Talk
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Preliminary talk
Helps ease into a major topic (“big talk”)
Can be a politeness strategy
Some relationships are based entirely on
small talk
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Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Introducing People
When can Introductions can cause difficulties?
 If you forget someone’s name
 If you don’t have to reveal your relationship
with someone you’re introducing
 When you’re deciding on whether or not to
use full names
 If two people have different ranks
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Six Steps to an Effective Handshake
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Six Steps to an Effective Handshake
What should you NOT do
during a handshake?
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Excuses and Apologies
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Excuse: Appropriate
when you say, or are
accused of saying,
something other than
what’s expected or
sanctioned
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Apology: An expression
of regret for something
you did
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Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Complimenting
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A message of
praise, flattery, or
congratulations
Can be qualified or
unqualified
Backhanded
compliment
Advice
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A process of giving
another person a
suggestion for
thinking or behaving
Meta-advice: Advice
about advice
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Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.