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What is communication? Transmission Message Clarity of transmission and reception Mutual understanding Layers of meanings, “winks upon winks” Sensemaking, reflection, and telling One cannot not communicate Communication - Culture Culture shapes language choice Culture shapes language use Language use shapes culture Modernist Communication is a tool we use within culture Communication is a transmission or transaction Language reflects or depicts reality Social Constructionist Culture evolves from Communication Communication is a continuous relationship Language constructs reality Theories of Meaning Modernist: Picture Theory of Language (represented well by Ludwig Wittgenstein) Social Constructionist: Entitlement Theory of Language (represented well by Kenneth Burke) Picture Theory Language is a representation of reality Language presents a picture of reality Entitlement Theory Language filters and organizes reality. We use language to name; therefore shape and delimit our reality Entitlement through Texts E.g.: Ritual of reading newspapers E.g.: Superbowl viewing E.g.: Reading articles for class Filters our experience of the world Tells us what’s important Builds a particular view of reality Over time, becomes reality Naming and Framing Reality Irving Goffman, social psychologist writing in the ’60s. Studying the way that neuroses get built through language (which informs science, which informs language…) Talked about how we frame our experiences Naming and Framing Reality Experience builds frames Language choices and limits are built into frames Frames are passed on to children and students Social reality is built…. On patterns or habits through communication interaction Naming and framing reality = is metaphorical process Frames are mostly dead metaphors “Frame break” = catalyst for change Change in thinking is limited by imagination Imagination is limited by root metaphors Framing our experience of the Internet Frontier Information Superhighway Net, Network Web