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Hints on Writing Skills
Milly Grillone
FAO Junior Consultant
Communication Skills
• Communication links people
• Verbal vs Non-Verbal Communication
• Effective Communication =
•
1.
2.
good information + good image
Barriers to effective communication:
Accurate Information accompanied by a
bad image
Good image accompanied by confused
information
Communication Writing
Skills
Information is transmitted effectively if it is properly structured
…and well presented. Information is important as much as the
way you communicate it.
What do I mean by the way to communicate an information?
Designing your paper taking into account not only good graphics
and formatting but, above all, good grammar, sentence
structure, vocabulary and organization.
The role of words in communication….
Word Order
Sentence Structure
Word
Choice
Punctuation
Paragraph Development
ABOUT THE
• Communication enhances the visibility
of the Center and strengthens its
linkages with the outside world
• Think about formal and informal
communication channels
• Writing skill as a Communication Tool,
an ability to transmit information and,
above all, to raise your reader’s
interest
How to write a summary
• Summarizing means extracting the most relevant
•
•
information
A summary ranges from the brief one sentence
condensation to more lengthy paraphrase: it must
reduce the amount of information
The shorter the summary, however, the greater the
danger of oversimplification or outright
misrepresentation
First Step
Attentive Reading
• Do justice to what you read , rather than
reading into a work only what is familiar to
you
• Observe how the author structured his
writing
Second Step
Selection of information
I. Grasp the Core Information
Identify key sentences (underline them as you read):
Thesis Statement (which sums up the major point of
the whole work) and topic sentences.
Second Step
Selection of information (2)
II. Sort Out the Major Points
Look for the most relevant points
expressed in the paragraphs
(underline them as you read)
Third Step
Write your Summary
• Put into words the Thesis Statement, add the other
•
•
major points
Reduce Explanations
Formulate in your own words (not by copying and
pasting randomly) squeezing major points that
seem to be implied by the author but not spelled out
in any sentence (remember that your purpose is to
report what is said, not to interpret it)
Third Step
Write your Summary
• Omit passages that restate the same point
and needless words
• Do not mention irrelevant details
“Economical Wording”
• Try to sum up
 When the author uses a phrase, try to use a single word.
 Where several synonyms restate the same idea, choose
the one that gives the central common meaning
• Preserve

The emphasis of the original text, giving more relevance to
a point treated at length than to one mentioned in passing
Proofreading is your lifebelt
SELF ASSESSMENT
Revision
Your judgment will be objective and
rigorous as much as you are able to have
the reader’s critical eye
OTHERS’
ASSESSMENT
Proofreading is a fundamental step: it helps you
identify the following…Agricultural exports
The commitment
concerning export
subsidies is
probably the most
important element
of the agreement
because of it’s
immediate and
direct impact on
world market
Several related
resolutions were
issued such as
allowing the
General
Establishment of
Meat to export the
Awas sheep mails
Seven more
Members Since the
establishment of the
WTO on 1 January
1995: Ecuador,
Estonia, Latvia,
Kyrgyz republic,
Magnolia and
Panama
to the countries of
AFTA reached an
increase of 28%
along the whale of
the 90s
This in turn requires
producing
commodities that
meat foreign market
requirements and
supporting export
oriented industry
The multiple
exchange rate
system was also
used as an
instrument for
stabilizing prices
and limiting
importation to
essential
commodities
Some final suggestions
This is particularly
Check for.. ….
true, in a world
What is Syria
is going to
lose in case
of not
adhesion to
the WTO?
Although political
motivation is considered as
a dominant aspect of the
international cooperation,
the economic
considerations, are
considered crucial in
assessing the impact of
international cooperation
by addressing the gains and
losses on economic criteria
Words
Overusing
that is becoming
more even more
inter-dependent
Concerning
agricultural
planning,
agricultural planning
was centralized till
1987
Check for
extra long
sentences …
Both residents and non-residents by national of
Arab and foreign countries development project
within the framework of general economic, social
and political development plans in the field of
agricultural projects, both plant and animal
production,
agro-industrial,
industrial
and
transportation projects
In this context, contractual trade relations
between neighboring countries strengthen
political ties and exchange between civil
societies can all support the multilateral
process and reinforce political satiability,
unless they use this relation for more
protectionism
We can conclude that also in the case of export the increased trade
activity between Syria and AFTA countries was not mainly a result
of AFTA or of any other bilateral agreement, but it came as general
effect probably, the case of this effect has to be indicated in the
Government allowances and encouragement for export in general
as it was mentioned in section 2.1