Download The impact of informal contacts on communication in

The impact of informal contacts
on communication efficiency
in hierarchical organizations
Modeling small-worldliness in a hierarchical
network
Master thesis defense
Remko Arts
The impact of informal contacts
on communication efficiency
in hierarchical organizations
Modeling small-worldliness in a hierarchical
network
“Lekenpraatje”
Master thesis defense
Remko Arts
How do informal contacts impact the
communication efficiency of a hierarchical
organizational communication structure?
The impact of informal contacts
on communication efficiency
in hierarchical organizations
Informal contacts
The impact of informal contacts
on communication efficiency
in hierarchical organizations
Informal contacts
Communication efficiency
The impact of informal contacts
on communication efficiency
in hierarchical organizations
Hierarchical organizations
Informal contacts
Communication efficiency
Hierarchical organizations
Informal contacts
Communication efficiency
Hierarchical organizations
Informal contacts
Communication efficiency
Hierarchical organizations
Informal contacts
Communication efficiency
What is a
hierarchical organization?
Hierarchical organizations
Informal contacts
Communication efficiency
Hierarchical organizations
Informal contacts
Communication efficiency
Hierarchical organizations
Informal contacts
Communication efficiency
Hierarchical organizations
Informal contacts
Communication efficiency
Team
clustering
Information quality
Team specialization
Availability
Hierarchical organizations
Informal contacts
Communication efficiency
Team members
are
clustered
Hierarchical organizations
Informal contacts
Communication efficiency
What are
informal contacts?
Hierarchical organizations
Informal contacts
Communication efficiency
ARE ABOUT :
COFFEE
Hierarchical organizations
Informal contacts
Impact on communication
Hierarchical organizations
Informal contacts
Communication efficiency
Hierarchical organizations
Informal contacts
Communication efficiency
Network reach
Hierarchical organizations
Informal contacts
Communication efficiency
What is
Communication efficiency?
Hierarchical organizations
Informal contacts
Communication efficiency
Something we
Measure
Hierarchical organizations
Informal contacts
Communication efficiency
Team
Clustering
Network
reach
3 Components:
Hierarchy
Informal
contacts
Efficiency
Team
Clustering
Network
reach
Modeling
But
Previously: empirical
Modeling
Modeling
But
Exactly?
Scientific papers
+/- 40 scientific
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http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICWSM/ICWSM11/paper/view/2867
Burt, R. (1992). Structural holes: The social structure of competition. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press.
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Cormen, T., Leiserson, C., Rivest, R., & Stein, C., (2001). Introduction to Algorithms. (2nd ed.). Cambridge, MA, MIT Press and McGraw-Hill. pp. 595-601.
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DiFonzo, N., & Bordia, P. (2007). Rumor psychology: Social & organizational approaches. Washington, DC, American Psychological Association.
Dijkstra, E. (1959). A note on two problems in connexion with graphs. Numerische Mathematik 1, 269-271.
Edmonds, B. (2001). Complexity and Scientific Modelling. Foundations of Science. 5(3), 379-390.
Erdős, P., Rényi, A. (1959). On random graphs. I. Publicationes Mathematicae, 6, 290-297.
Faloutsos, M., Faloutsos, P., & Faloutsos, C. (1999). On the power-law relationships of the internet topology. Computer Communications Review, 29, 251-262.
Fell, D., & Wagner, A. (2001). The small world of metabolism. Nature, 18, 1121-1122.
Granovetter, M. (1973). The strength of weak ties. American Journal of Sociology, 6, 1360-1380.
Granovetter, M. (1983) The strength of weak ties: A network theory revisited. Sociological Theory. 1, 201–233.
Hansen, M. (1999). The search-transfer problem: The role of weak ties in sharing knowledge across organization subunits. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(1), 82-111.
Holland, P., & Leinhardt, S. (1971). Transitivity in structural models of small groups. Comparative Group Studies, 2, 107-124.
Jeong, H., Tombor, B., Albert, R., Oltvai, Z., & Barabási, A.-L. (2000). The large-scale organization of metabolic networks. Nature, 407, 651-654.
Holland, P.W. & Leinhardt, S. (1971). Transitivity in structural models of small groups. Comparative Group Studies, 2, 107-124.
Jalili, M. (2011).Synchronizability of dynamical scale-free networks subject to random errors. Physica A, 390, 4588-4595.
John, A. & Seligmann, D. (2006). Collaborative tagging and expertise in the enterprise. Edinburgh, UK: Unpublished. Retrieved November 20, 2011 from http://wwwiti.cs.unimagdeburg.de/iti_db/lehre/Seminar%20Virtual%20Engineering/Paper/folksonomy2.pdf
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of Cambridge.
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Walsh, T. (1999). Search in a small world. In Dean, T. (Ed.), Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (pp. 1172-1177). San Francisco, CA, Morgan Kaufman Publishers Inc.
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Wu, L., Waber, B., Aral, S., Brynjolfsson, E., & Pentland, A. (2008). Mining face-to-face interaction networks using sociometric badges: Predicting productivity in an IT configuration task. Draft. Retrieved on September 20, 2012 from:
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papers
Watts & Strogatz
(1998)
Watts, D. & Strogatz, S., (1998). Collective dynamics of small-world networks.
Nature, 393, 440-442.
The impact of informal contacts
on communication efficiency
in hierarchical organizations
Modeling small-worldliness in a hierarchical
network
Master thesis defense
Remko Arts
Watts & Strogatz
(1998)
X
Watts & Strogatz
Clustering
coefficient
Team
Clustering
(1998)
Characteristic
path length
Network
reach
Clustering and Ch. Path Length
High Clustering
coefficient
Short Characteristic
path length
C/L
𝑪(𝒑) =
𝒗
(𝒌𝒗 ∙ (𝒌𝒗 − 𝟏)) 𝟐
𝒆
Watts & Strogatz
(1998)
Small-worldliness
Small-worldliness
SW = C / L
Watts & Strogatz vs Remko
Watts & Strogatz
Regular network (ring)
Randomness
Efficiency
High Clustering
+
Short characteristic
path length
=
High small-worldliness
Remko
Hierarchical network
Informal contacts
Communication efficiency
Tight teams
+
Great network
reach
=
Efficient communication
Research question #1
How should
the effect of informal contacts
on communication efficiency
in hierarchical organizations
be modeled?
NetLogo
(Wilensky, 1999)
+/- 15 pages
of code
Exp. #1: Watts & Strogatz
NetLogo Watts & Strogatz rep.
SW peak
Research question #2
Does the efficiency of organizational
communication networks change when
informal connections are formed?
NetLogo hierarchy
Exp. #2: Hierarchy
Exp. #2: Hierarchy
No SW peak
Research question #3
Do informal connections affect different
organizational communication structures
equally?
Exp. #3: Hierarchy depth
(Exp. # 4 in thesis)
Shallow: 2 layers
Deep: 8 layers
Exp. #3: Hierarchy depth
(Exp. # 4 in thesis)
Shallow: 2 layers
Deep: 8 layers
SW
No SW
Conclusions
What have we
Learned?
Thesis
The impact of informal contacts
on communication efficiency
in hierarchical organizations
Hierarchical organizations
Informal contacts
Communication efficiency
Problem statement
How do informal contacts impact the
communication efficiency of a hierarchical
organizational communication structure?
Conclusions
The impact of informal contacts
on communication efficiency
in hierarchical organizations
Hierarchical organizations
Informal contacts
Communication efficiency
Conclusions
Informal contacts
Increase network reach
Decrease team clustering
Conclusions
Small organizations
Suffer more from the decreased
team clustering
… efficiency decreases
Conclusions
Large organizations
Benefit more from the decreased
network reach
… efficiency increases
Limitations
Thanks
The impact of informal contacts
on communication efficiency
in hierarchical organizations
Master thesis defense
Remko Arts
Let’s get informal.
Thesis and presentation available from:
: remkoarts http://remkoarts.nl/archive/