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Download River Dynasties in CHINA
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To explain the effects of geography on cultural development in China To describe the growth and structure of the Shang Dynasty To describe Shang family structure, religion, and technology To summarize the rise and fall of the Zhou Dynasty Label the following: Oceans Pacific Indian Mountains Himalayas Rivers Indus Ganges Huang He (Yellow) Yangtze Questions: What geographic features might have prevented trade between China and the Indus Valley? What area of China was weak to invasions? What physical features were located there? Long distances and physical barriers separated it from Egypt, the Middle East, and India This isolation led to the belief that China was the center of the earth and sole source of civilization Regions: China’s Heartland: Huang He (yellow) river, and the Yangzi river supported the largest populations Xinjiang and Mongolia are harsh and rugged Mainly nomads and subsistence farmers At times invaders from these regions conquered China Genghis Khan and the Mongols Chinese history starts in Huang He valley Called “yellow” river because of the loess that turns the river yellow Called “China’s Sorrow” because of the constant flooding Peking Man- Homo erectus skeleton discovered near Beijing on the Yellow River, settled 500,000 yrs ago Myth: 2000 B.C.E. first civilization arose Mythic ancestor of Chinese: P’an Ku A leader named Yu tamed Huang He river No written records Fact organized state rose around 2000 B.C.E. with irrigation of Hwang He river By 1000 B.C.E. Used pottery, Rode horses Used Bronze, Introduced Iron Writing developed Scientific advances Interest in music 1532 B.C. E. Shang controlled Huang He valley Invaders? Dominated until 1027 B.C.E. Decline due to Invasion Characteristics: First to leave written Records constructed impressive tombs and palaces Oracle bones: animal bones or turtle shells on which priests wrote questions to ancestors or gods’ by interpreting the cracks in the bone, they answers were provided 4,000 years ago Each character represented a word or and idea Over 10,000 characters Calligraphy was an art form Writing was a unifying force since not everyone spoke the same language. 1027 B.C. overthrew the Shang Lasted until 256 B.C. To justify overthrowing the Shang, the Zhou promoted the idea of Mandate of Heaven, or divine right to rule Explains the dynastic cycle Floods and famine were a sign that the dynasty was out of favor with the gods. Zhou rewarded supporters with land Feudalism: system of government in which local lords governed their own land but owed military service to ruler Eventually feudalism became more powerful than the dynasty Iron-making leads to more food production New crops and irrigation systems Commerce expanded, use of money New roads and canals Led to increase in population 771 B.C.E. – nomads sacked the Zhou capital of Hao and murdered the monarch A few family members escaped and ruled from new capital for 500 years Powerless, couldn’t control noble families Warlords claimed to be “kings” of territory Led to “warring states” period Warring States Warfare changed, no longer honorable Peasants main force on battlefield New weapons such as a crossbow Central values changed No longer order, harmony, and respect for authority…. Now chaos, arrogance and defiance
