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• 7.20 Describe the reunification of China under the Tang Dynasty and reasons for the cultural diffusion of Buddhism. (C, G, H, P) • 7.21 Analyze the role of kinship and Confucianism in maintaining order and hierarchy. (C, H, P) • 7.25 Engage effectively in a collaborative discussion describing the development of the imperial state and the scholar-official class (NeoConfucianism). (C, H, P) China Reunites Chp 8 Lesson 1 The Song Dynasty and Buddhism The Song Dynasty – Read 181 Sui “Unified China under the rule of emperors” •Repaired the Great Wall of China •Rebuilt Changan (capital city of the Han Empire) •Built the Grand Canal (linking the Yellow River and the Yangtze River – a major part of China’s transportation system) •Sui - Ended when farmers revolted and Yangdi was killed – he forced people to work his projects and taxed them heavily while he lived in luxury Tang • • • • • • • • • Lasted nearly 300 years Restored a strong central government Most powerful emperor – Taizong Brought back civil service examinations. Gave land to farmers Late AD 600s – Empress Wu – added more government officials and strengthened the military. Expanded rule west to Tibet Took control of the Silk Road Changan became the world’s largest city Turkish nomads and revolts by Chinese farmers weakened Tang Dynasty Fell in AD 907 Song Facts about the Song Dynasty Sui “Unified China under the rule of emperors” •Repaired the Great Wall of China •Rebuilt Changan (capital city of the Han Empire) •Built the Grand Canal (linking the Yellow River and the Yangtze River – a major part of China’s transportation system) •Sui - Ended when farmers revolted and Yangdi was killed – he forced people to work his projects and taxed them heavily while he lived in luxury Tang • • • • • • • • • Lasted nearly 300 years Restored a strong central government Most powerful emperor – Taizong Brought back civil service examinations. Gave land to farmers Late AD 600s – Empress Wu – added more government officials and strengthened the military. Expanded rule west to Tibet Took control of the Silk Road Changan became the world’s largest city Turkish nomads and revolts by Chinese farmers weakened Tang Dynasty Fell in AD 907 Song • Military general become emperor. • Song Dynasty AD 960 – 1279 • Economic prosperity • Cultural achievements. • Nomads took over the North. • Moved capital to south to Hangzhou. • Song Dynasty • 6 minutes • Considered the third Chinese golden age, this complex dynasty was divided almost evenly into Northern (960 - 1126) and Southern (1127 1279) halves. Buddhism in China • READ 182 and 183 • ANSWER THE QUESTIONS 3. How would traders have brought Buddhism to China? They may not have brought it deliberately, but if they practiced it and talked about it, they would have introduced it. 4. What happened to people when the Han dynasty dissolved? The people suffered and died from fighting in the civil war, from hunger, and from lack of shelter 5. How did their sufferings lead them to Buddhism? Buddhism taught them that they could find peace and comfort by focusing on the search for truth and by giving up a desire for material things. 6. How did the Tang Dynasty respond to Buddhism first? They accepted it and allowed the building of temples and shrines. 7. Why do you think the early Tang rulers did not oppose Buddhism? The country was just recovering from civil war and the leaders may have thought Buddhism might bring calm and peace to the country. 8. Why did the Tang rulers later turn against Buddhism? They saw it as a threat; the monasteries were becoming very rich; many people may have become less willing to work, to support government projects, and to increase trade because they no longer believed in materialism. 9. How did Buddhism arrive in Japan? The Korean king sent missionaries to the Japanese empire. 10. What did the missionaries bring with them? A statue of Buddha and a letter to persuade the Japanese emperor of the benefits of Buddhism.