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1840 - 1867 Confederation in a Nut Shell The Colony of Canada The colony of Canada was divided into two provinces Upper Canada Lower Canada Each province had equal representation in the Legislative Assembly resulting in political deadlock A coalition developed between the Tories and the Parti Bleu The Colony of Canada John A. Macdonald and George Etienne Cartier were able to form a government The “loose fish” were able to carry the balance of the votes and cause governments to fall with great frequency George Brown of the Reform Party advocated “rep by pop” “rep by pop” was not popular in Lower Canada Economics The Corn Laws protected Canadian industries by giving them preferential treatment in Britain When the Corn Laws were repealed the Canadians had to find a new market for goods They turned to the United States and signed the Treaty of Reciprocity Economics The United States ended reciprocity because of weakening Anglo-American relations (Trent Affair) and a belief that Canada received all of the benefits Corn Laws Reciprocity Trouble Threats The Americans believed in Manifest Destiny and thought that they would annex British North America British North Americans had no desire to join the Union – for the most part Some felt betrayed by Britain Corn Laws British support of the Confederate States Lets Talk About Confederation At the Charlottetown Conference Canadian delegates introduced the idea of union between all of British North America No details were discussed but the general consensus was that confederation would be desirable The delegates met again in Quebec Lets Talk About Confederation The Quebec conference was one of great compromise The delegates each got something that they desired but no one’s view dominated the finished proposal Because the delegated were not acting officially they had no way to institute their plan Confederation Confederation was only popular in Canada at first Britain let it be known that it supported the idea New Brunswick and Nova Scotia rejected the deal but fear of the Fenian Raids and an ending of Reciprocity left them with no alternative Confederation On July 1, 1867 The British North America Act formally joined the colonies of Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia The country was called the Dominion of Canada