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STANDARD(S) ADRESSED:
11.4 Students trace the rise of the United States to
its role as a world power in the twentieth century.
LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT
1. Explain the economic and cultural factors that
fueled the growth of American imperialism.
2. Describe how the United States acquired
Alaska.
3. Summarize how the United States took over
the Hawaiian Islands.
Section 1
Imperialism and America
Beginning in 1867 and continuing through the
century, global competition causes the United
States to expand.
NEXT
Throughout the 19th century America expanded control of the continent to
the Pacific Ocean
Chapter 10 Section 1
Imperialism and America
IMPERIALISM AND AMERICA
• By 1880, many
American leaders felt
the U.S. should join
European nations and
establish colonies
overseas
• Thus began America’s
foray into Imperialism –
the policy in which
stronger nations extend
control over weaker
nations
SECTION
1
Imperialism and America
American Expansionism
Global Competition
• Imperialism—policy of
extending control over weaker
nations
• In 1800s, Europeans divide up
most of Africa, compete for
China
• Japan joins race for China;
U.S. decides to expand
overseas
Continued . . .
NEXT
Chapter 10 Section 1
Guided Reading:
• The Roots of American Imperialism
1. Economic roots
• Industrial overproduction in the
US led to the view that the
country’s factories needed raw
materials from abroad and that
surplus US products needed to
be sold in new markets.
WHY IMPERIALISM?
• 1) Desire for Military
strength – Mahan
advised strong navy
• 2) Thirst for new
markets – to spur
economy & trade
• 3) Belief in Cultural
Superiority – a belief
that Anglo-Saxons
were superior
Chapter 10 Section 1
Guided Reading:
• The Roots of
American
Imperialism
2. Political and
military roots
• The global military
expansion of
European Powers
led to a US desire
to do the same.
SECTION
1
continued
American Expansionism
Thirst for New Markets
• U.S. farms, factories
produce more than
Americans can consume
• U.S. needs raw materials,
new markets for goods
• Foreign trade: solution to
overproduction,
unemployment,
depression
NEXT
SECTION
1
continued
American Expansionism
Belief in Cultural Superiority
• Some combine Social
Darwinism, belief in superiority
of Anglo-Saxons
• Argue U.S. has duty to
Christianize, civilize
“inferior peoples”
NEXT
Chapter 10 Section 1
Guided Reading:
• The Roots of American Imperialism
3. Racist roots
• Belief in the racial and cultural
superiority of Anglo-Saxons
led many to claim that the US
had a responsibility to expand
and spread Christianity and
civilization.
SECTION
1
Imperialism and America
American Expansionism
Desire for Military Strength
• Admiral Alfred T. Mahan urges U.S. to build up
navy to compete
• U.S. builds modern battleships, becomes third
largest naval power
Continued . . .
NEXT
Chapter 10 Section 1
Guided Reading:
4. What did Admiral Mahan urge the United
States to do to protect its interests?
– Build up the US navy.
– Increased naval power.
Chapter 10 Section 1
Imperialism and America
• A – How did European imperialism affect
Africa?
– Only two African nations remained
independent; the rest of the continent was
divided up among European nations.
SECTION
1
The United States Acquires Alaska
Early Expansion
• William Seward—Secretary of State under
Lincoln, Johnson
• 1867, arranges purchase of Alaska from Russia
for $7.2 million
- has trouble convincing House to fund purchase
- Alaska called “Seward’s Icebox,” “Seward’s Folly”
• Alaska rich in timber, minerals, oil
NEXT
THE U.S. ACQUIRES ALASKA
• In 1867, Secretary
of State William
Steward arranged
for the United States
to buy Alaska from
the Russians for
$7.2 million
• Some thought it was
a silly idea and
called it “Steward’s
Icebox”
NEED ICE?
THE U.S. ACQUIRES ALASKA
• Time has shown
how smart it was
to buy Alaska for
2 cents an acre
• Alaska is rich in
THE U.S. ACQUIRES ALASKA
• Alaska is rich in timber, minerals and oil
THE U.S. ACQUIRES ALASKA
• Alaska is rich in timber, minerals and oil
THE U.S. ACQUIRES ALASKA
• Alaska is rich in timber, minerals and oil
Chapter 10 Section 1
• B – How did time prove that the purchase
of Alaska was not an act of folly?
– Alaska is rich in timber, minerals, and oil.
SECTION
1
The United States Takes Hawaii
The Cry for Annexation
• Since 1790s, U.S. merchants stop in Hawaii on
way to China, India
• 1820s, Yankee missionaries found schools,
churches on islands
• Mid-1800s, American-owned sugar plantations
75% of islands’ wealth
• 1887, U.S. pressures Hawaii to allow naval
base at Pearl Harbor
- becomes refueling station
• 1890 McKinley Tariff eliminates duty-free status
of Hawaiian sugar
• Planters call for U.S. to annex islands so will not
have to pay duty
Continued . . .
NEXT
Chapter 10 Section 1
Guided Reading:
• U.S. Imperialism in Hawaii
• 1875
– A treaty allows Hawaiian sugar to be
sold in the US; duty-free (TAX-FREE).
• 1887
– American business leaders force the
king to change Hawaii’s constitution, so
that only the wealthy landowners have
voting rights;
– US forces Hawaii to allow an naval base
at Pearl Harbor
U.S. TAKES HAWAII
• Hawaii had been
economically important to
Americans for centuries
• To avoid import taxes
(tariffs), sugar growers
pleaded for annexation
• The U.S. knew the value of
the Islands – they had built a
naval base at Pearl Harbor
in 1887
• Led by Sanford Dole,
American annexed Hawaii in
1898 and it formally became
a state in 1959
Chapter 10 Section 1
Guided Reading:
• U.S. Imperialism in Hawaii
• 1890
– The McKinley Tariff eliminates the duty-free
status of Hawaii
• 1891
– Liliuokalani becomes queen of Hawaii
Queen Liliuokalani VS. Sanford B. Dole
Chapter 10 Section 1
• C – What factors led to the annexation of Hawaii
in 1898?
– U.S. ministers John L. Stevens organized a revolution
that dethroned Hawaii’s queen in 1891.
– American plantation owner Sanford B. Dole became
head of the new govt.
– In 1897 William McKinley became president – he
favored annexation.
SECTION
1
continued
The United States Takes Hawaii
The End of a Monarchy
• 1887, businessmen force King Kalakaua to limit
vote to landowners
• Queen Liliuokalani tries to remove landowning
requirement
• With help of marines, business groups overthrow
queen
• Set up government headed by Sanford B. Dole
• President Cleveland cannot make Dole surrender
power to queen
- recognizes Republic of Hawaii
• Under President McKinley, Congress proclaims
Hawaii U.S. territory
NEXT
Chapter 10 Section 1
Guided Reading:
• U.S. Imperialism in Hawaii
• 1897
– William McKinley becomes US president,
favors annexation
• 1898
– Congress proclaims Hawaii American
Territory
Chapter 10 Section 1
• What three factors spurred American
Imperialism?
– Global competition for colonies
– Desire for Military Strength – 3rd largest navy
– Thirst for New Markets – need for raw
materials
Chapter 10 Section 1
Guided Reading:
• How did Queen Liliuokalani’s main
goal conflict with American
imperialist’s goals?
– “Hawaii for Hawaiians” –
• she wanted to remove the property
requirement for voting.
• Led to Revolution