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KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR •Election of 1960 KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR •CANDIDATES •RICHARD NIXON •REPUBLICAN KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR •DEMOCRAT •JOHN F. KENNEDY KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR •SIMILARITIES • VETERANS IN WORLD WAR II • Both rising in party KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR •Both were Senators •Kennedy Massachusetts •Nixon California KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR •Nixon however was Vice-President KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR •Kennedy came from a wealthy family •Joseph (father) made his fortune in stock market KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR •And bootlegging whiskey during prohibition KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR •Joe Kennedy was oldest son he was the chosen son to run for President. KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR •Killed during World War II KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR •Campaign: •Kennedy was Catholic •Became an issue KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR •Concern Kennedy would be guided by the Pope KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR •Kennedy calmed fears •By openly discussing the issue KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR •Kennedy was 43 years old •Too inexperienced KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR •Campaign: •Kennedy was Catholic •Became an issue KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR •Concern Kennedy would be guided by the Pope KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR •Kennedy calmed fears •By openly discussing the issue KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR •Kennedy was 43 years old •Too inexperienced KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR • Televised Debates st • 1 time • Kennedy was well coached by television producers KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR •Nixon looked haggard •Just got out of hospital was still sick KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR •Kennedy's youthful appearance served him well KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR •People watching debate on television felt Kennedy won KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR •People listening to debate on the radio felt Nixon won KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR •Election results •Kennedy won by 120,000 votes •Illinois was key KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR • Kennedy was the first Catholic President • Youngest president ever elected • 43 years old FIGHTING THE COLD WAR •MASSIVE REALITATION EISENHOWER’S POLICY TOWARDS SOVIETS FIGHTING THE COLD WAR •Kennedy thought small disagreements or conflicts were not worth going to war over FIGHTING THE COLD WAR •Nation had become dependent on Nuclear weapons FIGHTING THE COLD WAR Kennedy proposed a new strategy More troops to fight He did expand nuclear weapons FIGHTING THE COLD WAR Created elite branch of the service Green Berets FIGHTING THE COLD WAR Allow United States to fight limited wars Flexible Response FIGHTING THE COLD WAR Castro has taken over Cuba Communist regime 90 miles from United States FIGHTING THE COLD WAR Cuban émigré’s in the United States invaded Cuba Émigré's were going to incite a revolution and overthrow Castro Castro's forces repelled attack Kennedy refused air support doomed invasion All invaders were captured or killed Major embarrassment for Kennedy Kennedy took full responsibility for failure Russia and Khrushchev thought Kennedy weak and indecisive FIGHTING THE COLD WAR Berlin divided city Thousands leaving East Berlin to West FIGHTING THE COLD WAR Khrushchev and Russia ordered wall to be built FIGHTING THE COLD WAR Although there was a confrontation at Checkpoint Charlie between U.S and Soviet tanks FIGHTING THE COLD WAR Even though Kennedy responded with reservist activation FIGHTING THE COLD WAR And Russia backed down at Checkpoint Charlie It was perceived by the Russians Kennedy did nothing about the wall FIGHTING THE COLD WAR •Khrushchev believed Kennedy to be inexperienced FIGHTING THE COLD WAR Appeared again to Russia and Khrushchev Kennedy was weak and not willing to respond to events CUBAN MISSLE CRISIS October 14-October 28 1962 CUBAN MISSLE CRISIS Kennedy, Khrushchev, Castro FIGHTING THE COLD WAR Missiles discovered by U-2 Surveillance planes FIGHTING THE COLD WAR • 90 miles from United States • Missiles now 5 minutes away from united States FIGHTING THE COLD WAR • Kennedy and ex-com proposed responses • 4 options FIGHTING THE COLD WAR • OPTION 1 •Surgical air strikes FIGHTING THE COLD WAR • OPTION 2 •Tactical air strikes FIGHTING THE COLD WAR • OPTION 2 •Followed by invasion of Cuba FIGHTING THE COLD WAR •OPTION 3 •Blockade of Cuba FIGHTING THE COLD WAR • OPTION 4 •Negotiations X-COMM • Robert F Kennedy –Attorney General X-COMM Robert McNamara Secretary of Defense Dean Rusk Secretary of State McGEORGE BUNDY National Security Advisor Adlai Stevenson Ambassador to the United States Air Force Curtis LeMay Chief of Staff United Dean Acheson Advisor to Ex-Com Republican Advisor to President Eisenhower Advisor and Speech writer for JFK Ted Sorenson FIGHTING THE COLD WAR Blockade was chosen as solution Kennedy addressed Nation FIGHTING THE COLD WAR Brinkmanship Ships stopped “looks like someone blinked” FIGHTING THE COLD WAR U S received a telegram from Russia stating the Russian would withdraw weapons FIGHTING THE COLD WAR If United States agreed not to invade Cuba FIGHTING THE COLD WAR Next day the U S received another message this one stronger called for removing missiles from Turkey FIGHTING THE COLD WAR Kennedy ignored second message agreed to first FIGHTING THE COLD WAR Crisis eased but not before the two Super Powers were so close to World War III FIGHTING THE COLD WAR • Kennedy did agree secretly to remove obsolete missiles from Turkey six months later VIETNAM November 22,1963 Kennedy is assassinated in Dallas Texas http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=8598236943704944166 VIETNAM VIETNAM Lyndon B Johnson is now President
