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TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
War of 1812
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Objectives
• Identify the events that led to the War Hawks’
call for war.
• Analyze the major battles and conflicts of the
War of 1812.
• Explain the significance of the War of 1812.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Terms and People
• Tecumseh – Shawnee who attempted to unite the
Indian nations to resist expansion by settlers
• Battle of Tippecanoe – Gov. William Henry
Harrison defeated the Shawnee in 1811
• War Hawks – nationalistic western and southern
Congressmen who urged war with Britain in 1812
• War of 1812 – war with Britain, 1812-1815
• Andrew Jackson – defeated the Creek and
Seminole Indians and then the British at
New Orleans
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Terms and People (continued)
• Francis Scott Key – penned “The Star Spangled
Banner” during the British attack on Fort McHenry
• “The Star-Spangled Banner” – Key’s poem that
later became the national anthem
• Battle of New Orleans – American victory by
Andrew Jackson routing the British in January 1815
• Treaty of Ghent – treaty ending the War of 1812
• Hartford Convention – meeting of New England
Federalists who opposed the War of 1812
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Why did the United States go to war
with Britain, and what was the outcome
of that war?
In 1812, the United States found itself
involved in a major war that tested its
strength and the solidarity of its people.
Americans managed to fight the war and get
the country back on track in its aftermath.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Americans faced trouble
from Native Americans.
• Shawnee warrior Tecumseh and his brother tried to
unite Native Americans to fight American expansion.
• Following victory at the Battle of Tippecanoe in
1811, William Henry Harrison burned Prophetstown,
Tecumseh’s village.
• Westerners blamed the British in Canada for arming
the Indians, and demanded action.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
• They were led by John C. Calhoun
In 1811, the
War Hawks
took the lead
in Congress.
of South Carolina and Henry Clay
of Kentucky.
• They denounced Britain’s
impressment of U.S. sailors and
its support for Native Americans.
• They believed an invasion of
Canada would stop British aid to
the Indians and force Britain to
respect America at sea.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
• But the nation was
The War of 1812
began when Congress
declared war in
June 1812.
totally unprepared,
with only a small
army and navy.
• Thomas Jefferson
advised Madison that
an invasion of Canada
would be easy.
• He proved wrong
and repeated
attempts to invade
Canada failed.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Early on the British were occupied in Europe,
allowing several American victories.
The small American
navy did surprisingly
well.
• The U.S.S. Constitution, known as
‘Old Ironsides,’ defeated H.M.S. Guerrière.
• Oliver Hazard Perry defeated a British fleet
on Lake Erie.
Americans won
several victories
against Native
Americans.
• In 1813, Harrison killed Tecumseh who
In 1814, Andrew
Jackson defeated the
Creek in Alabama.
• Jackson defeated the Seminoles and
was aiding the British.
• But attacks on Canada failed
seized a fort at Pensacola.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
In 1814,
Britain
defeated
France and
then launched
a four-part
offensive in
America.
1
2
British troops occupied
eastern Maine.
3
A third force invaded
Maryland, burning
Washington, D.C., but
failed to take Baltimore.
4
A fourth Army headed to
New Orleans. They would be
routed by Andrew Jackson.
A second army invaded New
York from Montreal but was
turned back.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
The Americans’
worst humiliation
came when British
troops burned the
White House and
Capitol.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
• Both sides agreed to return
The
Treaty of
Ghent
ended the
war.
to prewar boundaries.
• A commission was set up to
discuss any future boundary
disputes.
• Impressment and American
neutrality were not
discussed.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Several events of the War of 1812
fostered American pride.
The British failure to take Fort McHenry in
Baltimore inspired Francis Scott Key to
write “The Star-Spangled Banner.”
In January 1815, Andrew Jackson crushed
the British in the Battle of New Orleans.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
The Battle of New Orleans took place after the
War of 1812 had officially ended. News of a
treaty had not yet arrived.
Although it did
not affect the
outcome of the
war, Andrew
Jackson’s victory
made him a
national hero.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
The war was not popular with everyone.
After the Treaty of Ghent, these
Federalists were discredited as traitors
and by 1820, the Federalist Party
had disappeared.
A group of Federalists held the
Hartford Convention in December
1814 to consider secession and
making a separate peace with Britain.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
The War of 1812