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Why were new immigrants
subjected to so much
discrimination?
different languages, religions
(Roman Catholic, Jewish),
complexions, cultural
differences
What do you call a group of
corporations controlled by the
same board for common
interest?
trust
What theory used biblical ideas
to justify gaining wealth (as long
as it was shared to help
society)?
The Social Gospel
Name 2 demands of the
populists.
silver-backed currency,
higher crop prices, a nat’l
bank to give fair loans,
regulation of the RRs
What optimistic group had great
faith in the ongoing progress of
society?
the progressives
What two progressive causes were
most important to President
Theodore Roosevelt?
Regulating monopolies
(“trustbusting”) and
conserving the environment.
What organization was formed by
WEB DuBois in the early 1900’s to
try and improve conditions for
African-Americans?
NAACP
What was the result of the passage
of the 19th Amendment in 1920?
Women got the right to vote
What did the Open Door Policy give
us free reign to do?
force China to trade with us
Identify 2 places where the United
States annexed territory or otherwise
assumed control in the Pacific at the
turn of the century.
The Philippines, Hawaii, Guam
Name two reasons why the U.S. was
interested in expanding it’s imperial
power.
ports for naval ships, markets for
manufactured goods, expansion
of Christianity, sources of raw
materials
What “manufactured” event drew the
U.S. into the Spanish American War?
the sinking of the USS
Maine
Why was there a surplus in farm
products during the 1920’s?
overproduction from WWI
What was Wilson’s stated reason for
entering WWI?
“Make the world safe for
democracy.”
What two laws passed during
World War I curtailed civil rights
and sought to punish enemy
spies?
Sedition Act (prevented
speaking out against the war)
& the Espionage Act (spy and
die!)
Name 2 kinds of people who might
have opposed U.S. involvement in
WWI.
pacifists, socialists, German
immigrants, Irish immigrants
What was Wilson’s Plan for Peace
called? What was the most critical
component of this plan?
14 Points, the League of Nations
What was the major population
shift from rural areas, especially
the South, to urban areas involved
in wartime production?
Great Migration (many
African Americans moved
North)
Why did many Americans reject
Woodrow Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy”
at the end of World War I?
High cost of war in exchange for
very little benefit from United
States involvement
What policies offered by Republican
presidents Harding, Coolidge, and
Hoover appealed to many
Americans during the 1920’s?
pro business, isolationist
foreign policy, “return to
normalcy”
What kind of revolution took
place in Russia in 1917-1919?
What kind of “scare” did this
cause in the United States?
Bolshevik (communist)
revolution, “Red Scare”
Who took over after Harding to
clean up after the scandals?
Describe his business
philosophy.
Coolidge, hands off, proownership
Identify two examples of antiimmigrant sentiment from the
twenties,
Sacco & Vanzetti, Al Smith,
KKK, immigration quotas &
restrictions
th
18
How did the
Amendment
and the Volstead Act attempt to
change American society?
Tried to improve American
moral values by banning the
sale and production of
alcohol
Name two ways women
established new independent
attitudes in the 20s.
Bobbing Hair, wearing
shorter skirts, moving out
on their own
What is “buying on the margin”?
taking a loan on profits to
buy more stock
What group worked to oppress
everybody who was not a White
Protestant? Why did it have a
resurgence in the 1920’s?
KKK, increased ethnic tension
in the cities (Great Migration
& Red Scare)
How did Al Smith’s religion help
to prevent him from winning the
1928 Presidential election?
There was widespread
prejudice in the United
States against Catholics
What new forms of media
started the worldwide spread of
American pop culture in the
1920’s?
Radio and the Movies
Name two types of jobs
commonly held by lower class
women.
factory, lower clerical,
janitorial
What was the Harlem
Renaissance?
the flourishing growth of the
arts in Harlem’s African
American community during
the 1920’s
What were some of the key themes
explored by Harlem Renaissance
writers such as Langston Hughes
and Zora Neale Hurston
challenging racism, problems
of poverty and oppression,
celebrating Black culture
What encouraged consumption
of all kinds of new goods in the
twenties?
new marketing techniques
and easier credit/installment
plans
What single event in October,
1929 is often thought of as the
start of the Depression?
stock market crash (loses ½
its value) due to overinflated prices
What were the two sources of
bad debts that caused so many
banks to fail at the start of the
Depression?
Loans to farmers and
investments in the Stock
Market
What President was blamed for
the start of the Depression?
What was his approach to
solving the Depression
Herbert Hoover, Staying
hands off, “rugged
individualism”, voluntary
action
What were Hoover’s two
attempts at direct gov’t action?
What did they try to do?
Federal Farm Board (loans and
cooperatives) and the
Reconstruction Finance
Corporation (loans to banks
and businesses)
What did Congress do to try and
protect American industry?
What was the result?
passed the Hawley Smoot
Tariff, cut international
trade and slowed economic
growth
What was the Bonus Army?
How did the gov’t deal with
them?
WWI vets who wanted their
bonus early, dispersed by
force (US Army troops)
Where did unemployment peak
during the Great Depression?
25%
How much did GNP fall during
the Great Depression?
25%
Who defeated Hoover in the
election of 1932? What was his
plan to solve the Great
Depression called?
Franklin Delano Roosevelt,
the New Deal
How did conservatives view the
New Deal?
1st step towards socialism
(too much gov’t
involvement), too many
“Robin Hood” taxes on the
What was the Agricultural
Adjustment Administration (AAA)
responsible for?
Regulating crop prices &
productions with subsidies &
by paying people not to
farm
What organization brought
electricity to rural areas? What
technology did they use to
generate electricity?
Tennessee Valley Authority
(TVA), hydroelectric (they
built dams)
What did FDR try to do when the
Supreme Court rejected parts of
the New Deal like the NRA and
the AAA?
Pack the court (add six
justices who agreed with his
ideas)
Who was the charismatic senator
from Louisiana that promised to
“Share Our Wealth”? What
happens to him?
Huey Long, shot by a political
rival
What were the two biggest parts
of the “2nd New Deal”?
Social Security and the Works
Progress Administration
(WPA)
What types of jobs did the WPA
provide?
traditional public works jobs,
plus additional jobs in “arts
and letters” (writers, actors,
artists, historians, etc.)
What organization was created by
the Wagner Act to help protect the
rights of workers and unions?
the National Labor Relations
Board (NLRB)
What national labor organization
rose to prominence in the
Depression by organizing all types
of workers?
the Congress of Industrial
Organizations (CIO)
What major event eventually
pulled our country out of the
GD?
World War II
What was significant about the
Atlantic Charter?
established common war goals for
United States & Great Britain
(before we were actually in the
war)
What key resources did the United
States stop selling to Japan in the
months preceding the attack on
Pearl Harbor?
oil, steel, scrap metal,
gasoline
How did our army handle
soldiers of different races?
placed them in segregated
regiments
What famous propaganda character
represented American women
working in wartime factories? Name
one problem these women faced.
Rosie the Riveter; wage gap,
fired for flirting, sexual
harassment, little day care
Why did the United States
government decide to inter the
Nisei? How did many young Nisei
men show their loyalty to the US?
the Nisei were considered a
national security threat, they
joined the 442nd Regiment and
fought with valor in Europe
What event brought us into the
war?
Bombing of Pearl Harbor
What two kinds of fighting were
most common in the Pacific?
naval air battles &
amphibious assaults (island
hopping)
How did the fighting at Iwo Jima
help convince the United States
to use the Atomic Bomb?
high casualty rate and “fight
to the death” mentality of
the Japanese soldiers
What 1944 invasion marked the
beginning of the end for the
Germans in Europe? Where did it
take place?
D-Day/Operation Overlord,
the Normandy Coast of
France
What was the last major German
counter attack?
Battle of the Bulge
Name two goods that were
rationed during WWII.
rubber, gasoline, sugar, flour
Which president made the decision
to drop the Atomic bomb on Japan?
What was his alternative to
dropping the Bomb?
Truman, massive land
invasion
Name one thing that was
controversial about the use of
the A-Bomb.
used on civilians, radiation,
start arms race, technology
hidden from Soviets
How did WWII solve the
problems of the Great
Depression?
boosted production & wages,
created full employment
What international organization
was formed after WWII to try &
solve problems that might lead
to WWIII?
United Nations
Why did President Truman veto
the Taft-Hartley Act in 1947?
What happened to the Act?
It cut back on the power and
protection of unions ..
Congress overrode his veto
and it became law.
What doctrine vowed to support
all resistors of communism
wherever they may be?
Truman Doctrine
What economic plan was
supposed to keep Western
European Nations free form
Comm. after WWII?
Marshall Plan
Which side did the U.S. support
in the Korean War? Who
supported the other side?
the South, the USSR
Why did Truman fire MacArthur
during the Korean War?
insisted on being more
aggressive (nuke China)
What was the result of the
Korean War?
NK stays Comm., SK free,
DMZ in middle
How did we respond to the
Soviets cutting off access to W.
Berlin in 1948?
Berlin Airlift of supplies
What did the Soviets
test/demonstrate in 1949? What
key country had a communist
revolution that same year?
an atomic bomb; China
Which U.S. Senator made a
name for himself in the early
1950’s by hunting communists?
Joseph McCarthy
What effort did Kennedy make to
remove Castro from power? Why
did it fail?
the Bay of Pigs, lack of local
support, no air strike
What is the name for the
doctrine that says your enemy
won’t attack you if he knows you
can retaliate?
Mutually Assured Destruction
(MAD)
What 1962 Soviet threat in the
Caribbean led to some of the darkest
moments of the Cold War? What was
the outcome of this crisis?
Cuban Missile Crisis, U.S.
promised not to invade
Cuba again, USSR took back
its missiles
What 1896 Supreme Court
decision made segregation legal
(separate but equal)?
Plessy v. Ferguson
What 1954 Supreme Court
decision reversed Plessy? What
was the immediate result?
Brown vs. the Board of Ed.
(Topeka, KS), desegregation
of the schools
Where did Rosa Parks start the
Bus Boycott? Who was chosen to
lead the boycott?
Montgomery, Martin Luther
King Jr.
What was the key principle of
Martin Luther King’s strategy to
end segregation?
non-violent passive resistance
Give an example of a Black
Separatist Organization.
Black Panthers, Nation of
Islam
What organization fought school
segregation in the courts? Who served
as its lead attorney in the Brown Case
(& later first black SC Justice)?
NAACP, Thurgood Marshall
What did the SCLC do to expose
Bull Connor? What happened to
MLK there?
Marches in Birmingham, he
was put in jail
What organization did Malcolm X
represent (at first)? What did he
say blacks should reject?
Nation of Islam, self hatred
imposed on them by white
culture
Where was militancy more
rampant?
Northern cities
Who did the Vietnamese originally
fight for their independence? Why
did the United States support this
nation in Vietnam?
France, Ho Chi Minh was a
communist, needed French
support in Europe
List two ways combat conditions
in Vietnam were unlike those
soldiers had prepared for.
jungle, traps & guerrilla
tactics, heat & rain,
unknown enemy
What was “vietnamization”?
turning the war over to the
South Vietnamese
What were the southern
sympathizers of the communist
North called?
Viet Cong
What impact did the Tet
Offensive have on public opinion
about the war?
turned many against it
What was the name of the quiet
group that wanted law & order &
supported the war? What President
garnered their support?
silent majority, Nixon
What minority groups were overrepresented in the troops in
Vietnam?
Blacks and Hispanics
What theory proposed that if
South Vietnam fell to
Communism, the rest of SE Asia
would soon follow?
domino theory
What tactic did Nixon use to try
and force the Vietnamese to the
bargaining table?
increased bombing
Name two reasons Nixon went to
China in 1972?
keep them at odds with
USSR, open markets to
trade
What did the SALT talks do?
limit strategic weapons, like
ICBMs
What was one of Ford’s first
important actions that relates to
Watergate?
pardons Nixon
Why did OPEC place an embargo
on oil to the U.S. in 1973? What
impact did this have?
we helped Israel in October
war – gas prices in U.S.
skyrocketed
Name two factors that led to the
Rust Belt in the late 1970s.
overconfidence, lost touch,
energy crisis, foreign
competition, slacking off
What is stagflation a combination
of? Who’s presidency was most
impacted by this?
High unemployment &
inflation, Jimmy Carter
What was Carter’s major foreign
policy victory in the Middle East?
Camp David Accords – Egypt
& Israel agreed to work for
peace
What was Carter’s big foreign
policy nightmare? Why?
Iran Hostage Crisis,
ineffective in dealing with
Iranian militants
What major events had
damaged American national
esteem between 1969-1981?
Vietnam, Watergate, Iran
Hostage Crisis
What president tried to restore
prestige to the presidency in
light of this? How?
Ronald Reagan, defense build
up, tough anti-Soviet
stance, celebrating deregulation of market
What were the primary tenets of
Reaganomics?
Deregulation, anti-labor, Tax cuts
for the upper classes - so that
their investment would stimulate
the economy and “trickle down”
to the lower classes
What was our gov’t hoping for
help with from the Iranians in
exchange for selling them arms?
freeing our hostages in
Lebanon
What happened to the Iranian
Money? What was congress’
position on this?
Went to aid the antiCommunist Contras in
Nicaragua; Congress was
against it
Identify two challenges George
Bush faced during his
presidency.
recession, end of Cold War,
Gulf War, S & L Crisis, War
on Drugs, Clarence Thomas
What promise came back to
haunt George H.W. Bush in the
1992 election? How?
Promised “No New Taxes,”
Ross Perot ran as a third
party candidate and stole
much of his support
Identify two issues Bill Clinton
attempted to deal with at the start
of his first term. Was he
successful?
Healthcare, gays in the
military; no
How did Republicans make
Clinton pay for his slow start?
Big wins in the 1994 midterm
elections, “Contract with
America”
Despite facing both the Whitewater
and Lewinsky scandals, why was
President Clinton able to maintain
high approval ratings?
The economy was growing
steadily, we had a budget
surplus, and most people did not
see his scandals as a reflection of
his ability to govern
What were three of George W.
Bush’s priorities prior to 9/11?
Education reform, tax cuts for
the upper classes,
deregulation, support for
faith based initiatives
How did 9/11 change the Bush
agenda?
Immediate war in
Afghanistan; new laws
(Patriot Act) & agencies
(Homeland Security & TSA)
What was the rationale behind
the invasion of Iraq in March,
2003?
Iraq was seen as one of the
primary state sponsors of
terror, and the Bush
administration was sure they
were developing WMDs