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1803–1818 CHAPTER 10 DEFENDING AND EXPANDING THE NEW NATION CREATED EQUAL JONES WOOD MAY BORSTELMANN RUIZ ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers “All red men [must] unite in claiming a common and equal right in the land, as it was at first, and should be yet; for it never was divided, but belongs to all, for the use of each.” Tecumseh ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers 1803 1804 1806 1807 1808 1809 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 TIMELINE British impressment of Americans Jefferson reelected Non-Importation Act Embargo Act James Madison elected President Tecumseh’s confederacy established Madison reelected West Florida annexed War declared against England Battle of the Thames Treaty of Ghent Battle of Horseshoe Bend Battle of New Orleans James Monroe elected President Second Bank of the United States chartered ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers DEFENDING AND EXPANDING THE NEW NATION Overview The British Menace The War of 1812 The “Era of Good Feelings”? The Rise of the Cotton Plantation Economy ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers THE BRITISH MENACE The Embargo of 1807 On the Brink of War ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers The Embargo of 1807 In response to continued British seizing of American ships and impressment of American sailors 1807: Chesapeake off of Virginia Coast Jefferson’s goal with the embargo was to force England to respect American independence Unanticipated results were the promotion of industrialization in U.S. States relied on locally produced items ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers On the Brink of War 1809: James Madison President Non-Intercourse Act eases ban on European goods 1810: Macon’s Bill No. 2 positions America between France and England Prophet Town and Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa, Shawnee Indians In 1808 they establish Prophet Town, but in 1811 William Harrison attacks it and burns it to the ground. Better guns helped the whites in their victory. ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers THE WAR OF 1812 Pushing North Fighting on Many Fronts An Uncertain Victory ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers The War of 1812 June 1, 1812: President Madison sends England American grievances British Navy’s seizure of Americans Blockade of American goods Indian conflicts supported by British June 18, 1812: Congress votes to declare war on England ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers Pushing North A 3-pronged attack on Canada Niagara, Detroit, Lake Champlain 1812: British align with Indians (Tecumseh) Detroit and Fort Dearborn September, 1813: Perry victory at Lake Erie October, 1813: Harrison victory at Battle of the Thames (Ontario) 1814: English defeat Napolean freeing up troops for war in U.S. ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers The Northern Front, War of 1812 ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers Fighting on Many Fronts March, 1814: Horseshoe Bend defeat of Red Tips and the resulting Treaty gives U.S. 23 million acres of Creek land August 24, 1814: the battle of Bladensburg, MD and the burning of the Capitol and White House by the British Battle in Baltimore and the “Star Spangled Banner” by Key January, 1815: The Battle of New Orleans, an overwhelming victory for Jackson ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers An Uncertain Victory Fall of 1814 (before the Battle at New Orleans) Madison pursued a peace settlement The Treaty of Ghent No new territory for either side, no concessions from Britain, a draw ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers THE “ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS”? Praise and Respect for Veterans After the War A Thriving Economy Transformations in the Workplace ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers Praise and Respect for Veterans After the War Veterans awarded a grant of 160-acre plot between Illinois and Mississippi rivers Military heroes into political leaders Jackson, Harrison, Scott Indian veterans such as Major Ridge accorded American respect Ridge advocated for Native Americans to retain Native American lands ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers A Thriving Economy Home manufacturing Internal migration: Going West New means of transportation Stagecoaches, wagons, boats, horseback 1807: Fulton and the steamboat 1810: Building of roads; Cumberland Road Business in West, the embargo, war stimulated manufacturing growth throughout the U.S. ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers Transformations in the Workplace Production work reorganized and crafts now done by unskilled workers and overseen by supervisor New England: mechanized textile production Rhode Island: Lowell model The South: textile mills ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers THE RISE OF THE COTTON PLANTATION ECONOMY Regional Economies of the South Black Family Life and Labor Resistance to Slavery ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers Regional Economies of the South Shifts in production methods and the depleted tobacco-growing soil lead to more crafts production, cultivation of wheat and corn South Carolina: Technical advances in rice production and cotton cultivation Louisiana Territory: Cotton and New Orleans sugar ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers Black Family Life and Labor Increasing birth rate and strong family ties among the slaves Newcomers adopted as relations Large plantations had more 2-parent families than the smaller farms The task system (rice plantations) and the gang system (cotton plantations) Forms of labor: Work under white supervision Private work including tending gardens, working on living quarters Sale or clandestine exchanges of goods ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers Resistance to Slavery Retaining African cultural traditions Artistic, dress, language Intentional careless work Theft of masters goods Running away Revolt 1811: St. Charles and St. John the Baptist parishes in Louisiana. (Charles Deslondes) ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers Estimated Population of the United States: 1790-1860 ©2003 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC. Publishing as Longman Publishers
