Download How Sept. 11, 2001 Changed America

10th American History
Unit VI – Looking Toward the
Future
Chapter 23 – Into the Twenty-First Century
Section 3 – How September 11, 2001,
Changed America
How September 11, 2001,
Changed America
The Main Idea
A horrific attack on September 11, 2001, awakened the
nation to the threat of terrorism and changed America’s
view of the world.
Reading Focus
• What happened on September 11, 2001?
• What was the background to the September 11 attacks?
• How did the United States respond to the attacks?
• How did the 9/11 attacks eventually lead to war with Iraq?
September 11, 2001
A Deliberate Attack
• Terrorists hijack two planes—
American Airlines Flight 11 and
United Airlines flight 175—and
crash them into the World Trade
Center.
• Terrorists hijack American Airlines
Flight 77 and crash it into the
Pentagon.
• Terrorists hijack United Airlines
Flight 93, which crashes in
southwestern Pennsylvania.
• In New York and Virginia,
firefighters and police officers
rush to the scene of the attacks.
The Twin Towers Collapse
• Both the South and the North
Towers of the World Trade Center
collapsed.
• Fires caused by the planes full
fuel tanks weakened the buildings’
structures.
• A stunned nation watches these
events unfold on television.
September 11, 2001
The Death Toll
• All 265 people on the four
airplanes were killed.
• Estimates of the deaths at the
World Trade Center were in
the thousands.
• After years of investigations,
the New York death toll stood
at 2,749.
• 125 people died in the attack
on the Pentagon.
The Nation Reacts
• People were sad and angry.
• Many admired New York’s
firefighters and mayor,
Rudolph Giuliani.
• Americans reached out to the
victims, donating blood and
money.
• Rescue workers from around
the country traveled to New
York to help at Ground Zero.
World Trade Center: Attacked (03:58)
Background to the September 11
Attacks
• Osama bin Laden and his terrorist network, known as
al Qaeda, planned and carried out the attacks.
• Bin Laden wanted to promote a worldwide Islamic
revolution.
• He claimed this required the destruction of the United
States.
• Al Qaeda terrorists began entering the United States in
2000 and were ready for the attack by September 11,
2001.
September 11,2001
•
Attack on the World Trade Center.
– Twin Towers, Pentagon and
hijacked airliners. The purpose
was to start a world wide
confrontation between the true
Muslims and the “Heretics”
– Death Toll- 2,749
– Osama bin laden
• Saudi, fought in Afghanistan
• Promoted world wide Islamic
revolution- the U.S. must be
destroyed.
• al Qaeda- “the base”, terrorist
network.
• Osama linked to World Trade
Center bombing in 1993 and
other bombings (such as the
Cole)
• Some of the terrorist trained in
America.
September 11,2001
5:38 min.
Background to the Attacks
Osama bin Laden
Al Qaeda
• Member of a wealthy Saudi
Arabian family
• Made a number of threats against
the United States
• Wanted to start a worldwide
Islamic revolution
• Connected to the bombings of the
U.S. embassies in Kenya and
Tanzania
• Angry at the presence of
American military in Saudi Arabia
during the Gulf War
• Developed a terrorist network
called al Qaeda, or “the base”
• Had links to a 1993 bombing at
the World Trade Center
• Trained attackers that killed
American soldiers in Somalia
• Clinton launched a missile attack
into an al Qaeda training camp in
Afghanistan.
• Carried out a bomb attack against
the USS Cole
• Terrorists entered the United
States in 2000 and enrolled in
flight schools to learn to fly
airplanes.
The World Trade Center Disaster and Its Aftermath (02:53)
Post 9/11
2:51 min.
How did the United States
respond to the attacks?
War in Afghanistan
• A group known as the Taliban
ruled in Afghanistan.
• Governed according to strict
Islamic law
Results of the War
• U.S. and British troops relied on
fighters of Afghanistan’s Northern
Alliance—a group that opposed
the Taliban.
• Close relationship with bin Laden
• The Taliban was defeated by early
December.
• Bush demanded that the Taliban
seize bin Laden and give him to
the United States.
• Bin Laden, however, managed to
avoid being captured.
• The Taliban refused and so on
October 7, 2001, the United
States and Great Britain attacked
the Taliban in Afghanistan.
Small Victories (05:31) – al Qaeda
War in Afghanistan- “Enduring Freedom”
•
Taliban- government of
Afghanistan.
– Strict application of Islamic law
with harsh punishment.
– Close relationship with Osama.
Terrorist training camps.
•
•
•
•
•
Bush puts pressure on Taliban
to give up Osama.
Oct. 7, 2001 U.S. and Great
Britain launch attack against
Taliban.
Northern Alliance fighter help
the U.S. and the Taliban are
defeated.
However, Osama hard to
capture in mountainous
regions.
Afghanistan still has problems
but has a Parliamentary
government - freely elected.
Fighting Terrorism at Home
Bush and Congress created the Department of Homeland
Security.
After 9/11 the nation experienced another type of
terrorist threat: deliberate anthrax poisoning.
The crisis was limited to a handful of specific locations,
but it alarmed the American people.
The White House proposed the USA PATRIOT Act, which
made it easier for law enforcement to secretly collect
information about suspected terrorists.
Critics claimed this act gave law enforcement too much
power and posed a threat to basic freedoms.
Homeland Security
• Department of Homeland
Security- Anti-Terrorism bill.
180,000 employees and 22
agencies merged.
• Color coded warning system
for terrorist threats.
• Biological agents- such as
anthrax.
• Airport security.
• U.S. Patriot act
– Strengthen powers of law
enforcement and collect
secret information.
– Some believe this is a
threat to basic freedoms.
• Axis of Evil- Iraq, Iran, and
North Korea.
The National Strategy for Homeland
Security and the Homeland Security Act of 2002
served to mobilize and organize our nation to
secure the homeland from terrorist attacks.
• Critical Mission Areas
– Intelligence and warning
– Border and Transportation Security
– Domestic Counterterrorism
– Protecting Critical Infrastructures and Key
Assets.
– Defending against Catastrophic Threats.
– Emergency Preparedness and Response.
Dept. of Homeland Security
Strategic Goals
•
Awareness -- Identify and understand threats, assess vulnerabilities, determine potential
impacts and disseminate timely information to our homeland security partners and the
American public.
•
Prevention -- Detect, deter and mitigate threats to our homeland.
•
Protection -- Safeguard our people and their freedoms, critical infrastructure, property and
the economy of our Nation from acts of terrorism, natural disasters, or other emergencies.
•
Response -- Lead, manage and coordinate the national response to acts of terrorism, natural
disasters, or other emergencies.
•
Recovery -- Lead national, state, local and private sector efforts to restore services and
rebuild communities after acts of terrorism, natural disasters, or other emergencies.
•
Service -- Serve the public effectively by facilitating lawful trade, travel and immigration.
•
Organizational Excellence -- Value our most important resource, our people. Create a
culture that promotes a common identity, innovation, mutual respect, accountability and
teamwork to achieve efficiencies, effectiveness, and operational synergies.
U.S. Patriot Act
2:24 min.
Use of the Military
• According to President Bush our
troops out to be used to fight and win
war. Critical of Somalia and Haiti
intervention.
• We need a military that is prepared to
fight conflicts of the future.
• Keep troops in NATO and Korea not
Haiti and Balkans.
• Patrol borders with free trade.
• Preemptive, unprovoked action against
emerging threats.- Bush Doctrine.
War in Iraq
• Bush declared a war on terror and listed Iraq as a
possible foe.
• Iraq was to destroy its weapons of mass destruction
after the Gulf War and allow UN weapons inspectors
inside the country.
• Although Iraq allowed weapons inspections following
9/11, Bush insisted that Iraq had failed to account for
weapons it was known to have possessed after the
Persian Gulf War.
• Many of America’s longtime allies advised against going
to war, but Bush insisted that Iraq was a threat and
invaded Iraq in March 2003.
Results of the Iraqi War
• Within a month, Saddam’s regime fell and
Saddam was captured within the year.
• American forces remained in Iraq to help keep
order and train a new Iraqi security force.
• Terrorists continued to take a terrible toll on
American soldiers and Iraqi citizens.
• Bush faced criticism when no weapons of
mass destruction were found.
• However, he was re-elected and made clear
that U.S. forces would remain in Iraq for as
long as necessary to ensure peace and order
there.
War in Iraq- Iraqi Freedom
•
•
•
•
•
Iraq failed to account for weapons it
was known to have possessed after
the Persian Gulf War. WMD’s????
UN inspections.
New Iraqi weapons systems?
March 2003- Allies storm into Iraq.
Saddam was captured later in 2003and stood trial
New Iraqi government
– 2004- Interim Iraqi government
and new security forces
– 2005- elections to create new
constitution.
• Terrorists (insurgents) in Iraq- on
going violence and suicide
bombings.
War in Iraq- Iraqi Freedom
• 5 Steps to help Iraq
– Transfer full sovereignty to a
government of Iraqi citizens.
– Establish stability and security for
Iraqi democracy.
– Rebuild Iraqi infrastructure.
– Enlist international support
– free national elections.
The military objectives of Operation Iraqi
Freedom
•
First, ending the regime of Saddam Hussein.
•
Second, to identify, isolate and eliminate, Iraq's weapons of mass
destruction.
•
Third, to search for, to capture and to drive out terrorists from the country.
•
Fourth, to collect intelligence related to terrorist networks.
•
Fifth, to collect such intelligence as is related to the global network of illicit
weapons of mass destruction.
•
Sixth, to end sanctions and to immediately deliver humanitarian support to
the displaced and to many needed citizens.
•
Seventh, to secure Iraq's oil fields and resources, which belong to the Iraqi
people.
•
Finally, to help the Iraqi people create conditions for a transition to a
representative self-government.
Operation Iraqi Freedom Reasons
For
•
Generally, Hussein is a proven threat to
international security, he is interested in
developing chemical, biological, and nuclear
weapons and has shown a willingness to use such
weapons on Iraq's neighbors but also against
Iraq's Kurdish population.
Against
•
Iraq is effectively contained.
•
Inspections will work and were successful in
the 1990s.
•
The United States' nuclear capability
currently deters Hussein from using WMD on
its neighbors.
•
Alternatives to invasion won't solve the problem.
•
If Iraq were to acquire Weapons of Mass
•
Destruction it could threaten regional stability and
deter any potential military action against Iraq.
•
Winning the war would be easy and the costs
would be minimal
•
Removing Hussein would be consistent with the
goals of the war on terrorism.
•
The Iraqi people would support this action
•
Toppling Hussein will have little or no negative
impacts the region.
•
The costs of this war could be prohibitive.
Reports indicate that over 200,000 troops
could be needed and that the war could cost
$80 billion.
•
Invading Iraq will hurt the war on terrorism.
A US attack will alienate Muslim countries
especially the Arab
•
The conflict between the Israelis and the
Palestinians centers on cultural and territorial
issues that transcend political systems.
•
If Hussein develops chemical, biological or nuclear
weapons he could give the weapons to terrorist
organization who could use those materials against •
the United States or its allies.
Iran, fearing that it could be the next state to
be attacked, could nuclearize.
Fears that Iraq would give WMD to terrorists
lack credibility.
George W. Bush's Mission Accomplished (04:33)
September 11, 2001
Never Forget!
09.10.02 by JML
Please pass this on so WE
Never Forget the day that
changed ALL of our lives!