Download The Ordeal of Reconstruction, 1865–1877

Chapter 22
The Ordeal of
Reconstruction,
1865–1877
Question
All of the following were true of the Freedmen’s Bureau
EXCEPT
a) emancipators were faced with freedmen who were unskilled,
unlettered, without property or money, and with scant
knowledge of how to survive as free people.
b) the bureau was intended to be a kind of primitive welfare
agency.
c) it was to provide food, clothing, medical care, and education
both to freedmen and to white refugees.
d) the bureau achieved its greatest successes in land
redistribution.
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Question
All of the following are true of the 10 percent
Reconstruction plan EXCEPT
a) Lincoln believed the Southern states had never legally
withdrawn from the Union, so their formal restoration would be
relatively simple.
b) in 1863, Lincoln decreed that a state could be reintegrated
when 10 percent of its voters took an oath of allegiance to the
United States and pledged to abide by emancipation.
c) the next step would be formal erection of a state government,
followed by recognition of the purified regime.
d) Lincoln’s proclamation received bipartisan support
in Congress.
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Question
All of the following were true of the Wade-Davis Bill
EXCEPT
a) Democrats rammed it through Congress in 1864.
b) the bill required that 50 percent of a state’s voters take the oath
of allegiance and demanded stronger safeguards for
emancipation than Lincoln’s as the price of readmission to the
Union.
c) Lincoln “pocket-vetoed” this bill by refusing to sign it after
Congress had adjourned.
d) outraged Republicans refused to seat Louisiana delegates after
it reorganized its government by Lincoln’s 10 percent plan in
1864.
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22 | 4
Question
All of the following were true of the Black Codes EXCEPT
a) the Black Codes were designed by the federal government to
ensure a stable and subservient labor force.
b) dire penalties were therefore imposed by the codes on blacks
who “jumped” their labor contracts, which usually committed
them to work for the same employer for one year.
c) the codes also sought to restore as nearly as possible the preemancipation system of race relations.
d) freedom and some other privileges, such as the right to marry,
were legally recognized, but all codes forbade a black to serve
on a jury; some even barred blacks from renting or leasing
land.
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22 | 5
Question
All of the following nationalist legislation was
passed by the Republican Congress EXCEPT the
a) Pacific Railroad Act.
b) Black Codes.
c) Morrill Tariff.
d) Homestead Act.
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22 | 6
Question
All of the following were true the Civil Rights Bill of
1866 EXCEPT
a) it conferred on blacks the privilege of American
citizenship and struck at the Black Codes.
b) President Johnson resolutely vetoed this forwardlooking measure on constitutional grounds.
c) it formally designated President Johnson as “Sir
Veto” and “Andy Veto.”
d) in April, congressmen steamrollered it over his veto.
Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
22 | 7
Question
The Fourteenth Amendment did all of the following
EXCEPT
a) conferred civil rights, including citizenship and including the
franchise, on the freedmen.
b) reduced proportionately the representation of a state in
Congress and in the Electoral College if it denied blacks the
ballot.
c) disqualified from federal and state office former Confederates
who as federal officeholders had once sworn “to support the
Constitution of the United States.”
d) guaranteed the federal debt, while repudiating all Confederate
debts.
Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
22 | 8
Question
All of the following were true of the Tenure of
Office Act EXCEPT
a) Congress passed it over Johnson’s veto.
b) the new law required the president to secure the
consent of the Senate before he could remove his
appointees.
c) one purpose was to remove from the cabinet the
secretary of war, Edwin M. Stanton.
d) Johnson provided the radicals with a pretext to begin
impeachment proceedings when he abruptly
dismissed Stanton early in 1868.
Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
22 | 9
Question
All of the following were true of the Ku Klux Klan EXCEPT
a) deeply embittered, some Southern whites resorted to savage
measures against “radical” rule.
b) a number of secret organizations mushroomed forth, the most
notorious of which was the “Invisible Empire of the South.”
c) besheeted nightriders, their horses’ hooves muffled, would
approach the cabin of an “upstart” black and hammer on the
door.
d) few ex-bondsmen and white “carpetbaggers,” were intimidated
into shunning the polls.
Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
22 | 10
Question
In Ex parte Milligan, the Supreme Court ruled that
a) military tribunals could not try civilians, even during
wartime, in areas where the civil courts
were open.
b) President Lincoln had acted unconstitutionally when
he suspended the writ of habeas corpus.
c) Congress had acted unconstitutionally when it
passed the Tenure of Office Act over Johnson’s
veto.
d) the Thirteenth Amendment violated the Constitution
by reversing the precedent of Dred Scott v. Sanford.
Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
22 | 11
Answer
All of the following were true of the Freedmen’s Bureau
EXCEPT
a) emancipators were faced with freedmen who were unskilled,
unlettered, without property or money, and with scant
knowledge of how to survive as free people.
b) the bureau was intended to be a kind of primitive welfare
agency.
c) it was to provide food, clothing, medical care, and education
both to freedmen and to white refugees.
d) the bureau achieved its greatest successes in land
redistribution. (correct)
Hint: See page 518.
Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
22 | 12
Answer
All of the following are true of the 10 percent
Reconstruction plan EXCEPT
a) Lincoln believed the Southern states had never legally
withdrawn from the Union, so their formal restoration would be
relatively simple.
b) in 1863, Lincoln decreed that a state could be reintegrated
when 10 percent of its voters took an oath of allegiance to the
United States and pledged to abide by emancipation.
c) the next step would be formal erection of a state government,
followed by recognition of the purified regime.
d) Lincoln’s proclamation received bipartisan support
in Congress. (correct)
Hint: See page 519.
Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
22 | 13
Answer
All of the following were true of the Wade-Davis Bill
EXCEPT
a) Democrats rammed it through Congress in 1864. (correct)
b) the bill required that 50 percent of a state’s voters take the oath
of allegiance and demanded stronger safeguards for
emancipation than Lincoln’s as the price of readmission to the
Union.
c) Lincoln “pocket-vetoed” this bill by refusing to sign it after
Congress had adjourned.
d) outraged Republicans refused to seat Louisiana delegates after
it reorganized its government by Lincoln’s 10 percent plan in
1864.
Hint: See pages 519–520.
Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
22 | 14
Answer
All of the following were true of the Black Codes EXCEPT
a) the Black Codes were designed by the federal government to
ensure a stable and subservient labor force. (correct)
b) dire penalties were therefore imposed by the codes on blacks
who “jumped” their labor contracts, which usually committed
them to work for the same employer for one year.
c) the codes also sought to restore as nearly as possible the preemancipation system of race relations.
d) freedom and some other privileges, such as the right to marry,
were legally recognized, but all codes forbade a black to serve
on a jury; some even barred blacks from renting or leasing
land.
Hint: See page 521.
Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
22 | 15
Answer
All of the following nationalist legislation was
passed by the Republican Congress EXCEPT the
a) Pacific Railroad Act.
b) Black Codes. (correct)
c) Morrill Tariff.
d) Homestead Act.
Hint: See page 522.
Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
22 | 16
Answer
All of the following were true the Civil Rights Bill of
1866 EXCEPT
a) it conferred on blacks the privilege of American
citizenship and struck at the Black Codes.
b) President Johnson resolutely vetoed this forwardlooking measure on constitutional grounds.
c) it formally designated President Johnson as “Sir
Veto” and “Andy Veto.” (correct)
d) in April, congressmen steamrollered it over his veto.
Hint: See page 522.
Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
22 | 17
Answer
The Fourteenth Amendment did all of the following
EXCEPT
a) conferred civil rights, including citizenship and including the
franchise, on the freedmen. (correct)
b) reduced proportionately the representation of a state in
Congress and in the Electoral College if it denied blacks the
ballot.
c) disqualified from federal and state office former Confederates
who as federal officeholders had once sworn “to support the
Constitution of the United States.”
d) guaranteed the federal debt, while repudiating all Confederate
debts.
Hint: See page 523.
Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
22 | 18
Answer
All of the following were true of the Tenure of
Office Act EXCEPT
a) Congress passed it over Johnson’s veto.
b) the new law required the president to secure the
consent of the Senate before he could remove his
appointees.
c) one purpose was to remove from the cabinet the
secretary of war, Edwin M. Stanton. (correct)
d) Johnson provided the radicals with a pretext to begin
impeachment proceedings when he abruptly
dismissed Stanton early in 1868.
Hint: See page 531.
Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
22 | 19
Answer
All of the following were true of the Ku Klux Klan EXCEPT
a) deeply embittered, some Southern whites resorted to savage
measures against “radical” rule.
b) a number of secret organizations mushroomed forth, the most
notorious of which was the “Invisible Empire of the South.”
c) besheeted nightriders, their horses’ hooves muffled, would
approach the cabin of an “upstart” black and hammer on the
door.
d) few ex-bondsmen and white “carpetbaggers,” were intimidated
into shunning the polls. (correct)
Hint: See page 529.
Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
22 | 20
Answer
In Ex parte Milligan, the Supreme Court ruled that
a) military tribunals could not try civilians, even during
wartime, in areas where the civil courts
were open. (correct)
b) President Lincoln had acted unconstitutionally when
he suspended the writ of habeas corpus.
c) Congress had acted unconstitutionally when it
passed the Tenure of Office Act over Johnson’s
veto.
d) the Thirteenth Amendment violated the Constitution
by reversing the precedent of Dred Scott v. Sanford.
Hint: See page 526.
Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
22 | 21