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W1/4/12 Distribution of Religions Ch. 6.1 (pp. 168-178) © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Intro • Universalizing religions – Seek to appeal to all people – role of missionaries • Ethnic religions – Appeal to a smaller group of people living in one place • monotheism vs. polytheism © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. World Distribution of Religions Figure 6-3 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. I. Universalizing Religions A. Christianity – The largest world religion (about 2 billion adherents) • Many adherents in Europe, the Americas – Three major branches • • • • Roman Catholicism (51 percent) Eastern Orthodox (11 percent) (c. 1054) Protestant Christianity (24 percent) (c. 1517) Other, smaller branches of Christianity comprise 14 percent of all Christians © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Distribution of Christians in the United States Figure 6-2 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. I. Universalizing Religions (cont.) B. Islam – The second-largest world religion (about 1.3 billion adherents) • Significant clusters in the Middle East, North Africa, and South Asia – Core of Islamic belief = the five pillars – Two significant branches • Sunnis (83 percent) (“followers of Mohammed’s example”) • Shias or Shiites (16 percent) (descendants of Mohammed’s family) © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. I. Universalizing Religions (cont.) C. Buddhism – About 400 million adherents (difficult to quantify) • Significant clusters in China, Southeast Asia – The Four Noble Truths – Three branches • Mahayana (China, Japan, Korea) • Theravada (Southeast Asia) • Tantrayana (Tibet, Mongolia) © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. I. Universalizing Religions (cont.) D. Other Universal Religions – Sikhism – Nanak (guru) • Began in Pakistan, largest in Punjab, India • c. late 16th Century • About 23 million followers – Baha’i – Bab & Bah’a’ullah (founder & prophet) • Iran (c. 1844) • About 7 million followers © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. II. Ethnic Religions A. Hinduism – The third-largest religion in the world (900 million adherents) – 97 percent of Hindus are found in India – Many paths to spirituality © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. II. Ethnic religions (cont.) B. Other ethnic religions – Confucianism (China) – Daoism (China) – Shinto (Japan) – Judaism (today: the United States, Israel) • The first monotheistic religion • Influence on Christianity & Islam – Ethnic African religions • Animism © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Buddhism Hinduism Figure 6-5 Figure 6-4 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Religions of the United States © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.