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1. Why doesn’t food end up in your lungs and air in your stomach? Do Now 2. The bronchi and bronchioles are called the conducting zone; whereas the alveoli are the respiratory zone. Why are these names appropriate for the structures? Friday, November 21 – Cardiovascular & Respiratory System Test Week of December 2 (Tuesday &Thursday) – Review for Final Exam Upcoming Dates Monday, December 8 – A&P Final Exam Part 1 Wednesday, December 10 – A&P Final Exam Part 2 Friday, December 12 – A&P Final Exam Part 3 Tuesday, December 16 – Eukaraoke Practice Thursday, December 18 – Eukaraoke Performances Do Now 5 min Review of Anatomy 10 min Agenda Respiration Ventilation Hyperventilation Study Exit Ticket 15 min 15 min 35 min 5 mins Objective By the end of today’s class period, I will be able to explain how gas exchange occurs in the alveoli. Vocab review Conducting Zone: The parts of the respiratory zone that conduct or direct air into the lungs Vocab Review Respiratory Zone: Some bronchioles and the ALVEOLI Vocab Review Ventilation: The process by which large volumes of gas are transported into the lung Following the process of ventilation (air is funneled into the lungs), respiration occurs Respiration Respiration is also referred to as gas exchange. Gas Exchange This term refers to the exchange of CO2 from the blood with O2 from the air in the lungs Why do the gases change places? Why do the gases change place? The large differences in concentration of the gases cause them to diffuse. Where is there a high concentration of CO2? Let’s practice a short answer. How does the process of gas exchange occur across the alveolar capillary membrane without the input of energy? The process of respiration requires the following steps: Process of Respiration 1. Ventilation 2. External respiration (gas exchange between lungs and blood) 3. Respiratory gas transport (oxygen moves to tissue) 4. Internal respiration (gas exchange between blood and cells) What is one similarity between internal and external respiration? Internal vs. External Respiration What is one difference between internal and external respiration? The process of respiration requires the following steps: 1. Ventilation Process of Respiration We’re learning about this. 2. External respiration (gas exchange between lungs and blood) 3. Respiratory gas transport (oxygen moves to tissue) 4. Internal respiration (gas exchange between blood and cells) Who remembers Boyle’s Law from chemistry? Boyle’s Law What happens to the pressure if the volume increases? Inspiration (inhalation) Expiration (exhalation) 1. Inspiration begins as... 3. During expiration... a. the diaphragm relaxes. a. b. the diaphragm contracts. increased alveolar volume causes increased alveolar pressure. c. the lungs expand. b. increased alveolar volume causes decreased alveolar pressure. d. the lungs contract. c. e. none of the above. decreased alveolar volume causes increased alveolar pressure. d. decreased alveolar volume causes decreased alveolar pressure. e. decreased alveolar pressure caused increased alveolar volume. 2. The result of the process of inspiration is... a. increased alveolar volume causes increased alveolar pressure. b. increased alveolar volume causes decreased 4. True or False : The alveoli never attain equal alveolar pressure. pressure with the ambient (outside) air. decreased alveolar volume causes increased alveolar pressure. decreased alveolar volume causes decreased 5. True or False : As the volume in the alveoli increases, the pressure decreases. alveolar pressure. c. d. e. increased alveolar pressure caused decreased alveolar volume. http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter23/a nimation__alveolar_pressure_changes_during_inspir ation_and_expiration.html Rapid or deep breathing at a rate faster than your normal breathing patterns Alveolar ventilation of carbon dioxide exceeds body production of carbon dioxide Hyperventilation Getting rid of carbon dioxide faster than the body can produce Causes for hyperventilation? Voluntary Involuntary Time how long you can hold your breath. Once you exhale, record the time. Safety first – do not hold your breath too long; this is not a competition. If you feel light-headed or dizzy, let me know immediately. Calculate the mean breath-holding time How long can you hold your breath? Name Condition 1 - Normal Time (s) How does hyperventilation affect the length of time you can hold your breath? Name Hyperventilate for 45 seconds – take rapid breaths Time how long you can hold your breath. Once you exhale, record the time. Safety first – do not hold your breath too long; this is not a competition. If you feel light-headed or dizzy, let me know immediately. Calculate the mean breath-holding time after hyperventilation Condition 1 - Normal Time (s) Condition 2 Hyperventilate Time (s) Create a scatterplot illustrating the normal breathholding time and the hyperventilating breathholding time Don’t forget to cover your T.A.I.L. (title, axis, increments, labels) Graph & Conclusions What conclusions can you draw from this experiment? Why would a matched pairs design be inappropriate for this study? The Impulse to Breathe Your desire to exhale is less about your body’s need for oxygen, and more about your body’s need to get rid of carbon dioxide High carbon dioxide levels in blood trigger the brain to inhale (not low levels of oxygen!!) How does this fit with your results from the experiment we did in class? Real Question What is the relationship between pressure and volume called in this equation? Why do you cough? Weird Question A need to clear dust from the lower respiratory tract. A deep breath closes the epiglottis and a forceful expiration is performed. Real Question What does the diaphragm do in the process of inspiration? Why do you sneeze? Weird Question Similar answer. You need to clear dust from the upper respiratory tract. The uvula closes the air pathway to the mouth and routes it through the nose Real Question When the diaphragm flattens, what happens to the pressure and volume of the lungs? Why do you hiccup? Weird Question An irritation of the phrenic nerve causes rapid spasms of the diaphragm. The quick inhalations make the hiccup sound as the pass over the vocal cords (glottis) Real Question What role does the diaphragm play in ventilation? 1. What causes oxygen to move from the lungs into the blood without the use of energy? 2. To what does the term gas exchange refer? Exit Ticket 3. When the diaphragm contracts, do the lungs expand or contract? How does this affect the pressure and volume of the lungs? Is this inspiration or expiration? 4. What causes your desire to breath?
