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What Tobacco Does to the Body On the Smoker Cigarettes impair the health of the smoker in two ways. Through short-term effects that occurs immediately after the smoker lights up and the long-term effects that occurs as the smoker continues. Diseases of the Circulatory Nicotine makes the heart work harder and speeds up the pulse. Smoking constricts the blood vessels, which cuts down on circulation, or blood flow to the limbs. Nicotine also contributes to plaque buildup in the blood vessels increases the chance of arteriosclerosis and gradually clogs the blood vessels to the heart. Smoking raises blood pressure and leads to increased risk of strokes. Chapter 11 Organs of the Respiratory System Smoking Diseases of the Respiratory System What is Chronic Bronchitis ? A condition in which the bronchi are irritated. As cilia becomes useless, tar from cigarette smoke builds up, which results in chronic coughing and excessive mucus secretion. What is Lung Cancer ? It begins as the bronchi are irritated by cigarette smoke. Cilia are destroyed and extra mucus cannot be expelled. A cough is developed. Cancerous cells can grow in these conditions, block the bronchi, and move to the lungs. In advance stages, the cancerous cells can travel to other organs. Dangers of Smokeless Tobacco People who use smokeless tobacco secrete more saliva. Some of this extra saliva is unconsciously swallowed, introducing tar and other harmful chemicals into the digestive and urinary systems. Tobacco juices are responsible for leukoplakia. It is thickened, white, leathery-appearing spots on the inside of the mouth. It can turn into oral cancer. Effects of smoke on the Nonsmoker What is passive smoke ? Smoke inhaled by nonsmokers as well as smoke that remains in a closed environment after the smoker is through smoking. What is mainstream smoke ? The smoke a smoker blows off. What is sidestream smoke ? The smoke that comes from burning tobacco.