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CONNECTIVE
TISSUE
NOTES & SLIDES
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
CHARACTERISTICS
• MOST COMMON TISSUE IN THE BODY
• FUNCTIONS INCLUDE: BINDIING &
SUPPORT, PROTECTION, INSULATION, &
TRANSPORTATION
• CONTAINS BLOOD VESSELS (HAS BLOOD
SUPPLY)
• CELLS ARE IN AN EXTRACELLULAR
MATRIX (NON-LIVING)
LOOSE (AREOLAR)
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
•
Areolar connective tissue is also called
loose connective tissue. You will find
collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers
laced throughout the extracellular
materials. You can easily distinguish
between the different cell types at this
magnification. Fibroblasts are small
dark elongated cells. The mast cells are
the largest of the cells and are filled
with histamine granules. Macrophages
are the pale, puffy-looking cells. .
LOOSE (AREOLAR)
CONNECTIVE TISSUE APPEARANCE
• MANY CELLS & FIBERS IN A GELLIKE MATRIX
LOOSE (AREOLAR)
CONNECTIVE TISSUE LOCATION
• IN THE SKIN
• WRAPPED AROUND ORGANS,
NERVES, & BLOOD VESSELS
LOOSE (AREOLAR)
CONNECTIVE TISSUE FUNCTIONS
• SUPPORTS (NERVES AND BLOOD
VESSELS)
• FILLS SPACES (BETWEEN ORGANS
& CUSHIONS THEM)
• BINDS STRUCTURES TOGETHER
ADIPOSE TISSUE - 100X
•
Adipose is areolar connective tissue
that contains mostly fat cells or
adipocytes. An arteriole and venule can
be seen in the upper right part of the
image. The lung is an organ that looks
like adipose tissue.
ADIPOSE - 400X
Each adipocyte must have a nucleus, but it
is not always visible. This nucleus is
pressed against the cell membrane
because of the large oil droplet.
ADIPOSE (FAT) APPEARANCE
• LARGE CELLS CONTAINING A LIPID
DROPLET (“NET” OR “BEEHIVE”)
ADIPOSE - LOCATION
• AROUND EYES, PALMS OF HAND,
SOLES OF FEET
• BETWEEN JOINTS
•
MAKES UP ~18% OF BODY WEIGHT
IN MALES AND ~28% IN FEMALES
ADIPOSE - FUNCTIONS
• FUEL RESERVE
• PADDING TO ABSORB SHOCK
• INSULATION - HELPS TO MAINTAIN
HOMEOSTASIS
• *WOMEN LACKING SUFFICIENT
ADIPOSE TISSUE MAY CEASE TO
MENSTRUATE
DENSE, FIBROUS
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
•
Dense regular connective tissue is
easily recognizable by the parallel,
tightly-packed collagen fibers. The thin
dark lines are actually the fibroblasts
squeezed between the collagen fibers.
DENSE, FIBROUS
CONNECTIVE TISSUE APPEARANCE
• CLOSELY PACKED WHITE
COLLAGEN FIBERS THAT RUN
PARALLEL TO EACH OTHER;
STRONG AND FLEXIBLE BUT NOT
VERY ELASTIC
•
DENSE , FIBROUS
CONNECTIVE TISSUE LOCATION
FORMS LIGAMENTS
(CONNECT BONE TO
BONE)
• FORMS TENDONS
(CONNECT MUSCLE
TO BONE)
• INNER SKIN LAYER
DENSE, FIBROUS
CONNNECTIVE TISSUE FUNCTIONS
• HOLD BONES IN PLACE AT JOINTS
• ATTACH SKELETAL MUSCLES TO
BODY
• KEEPS MUSCULAR BUNDLES IN
PLACE
• STRENGHTENS THE DERMIS OF
THE SKIN
HYALINE CARTILAGE
•
This shrunken chondrocyte is only a
remnant of its former self when alive.
• *CARTILAGE IS THE ONLY
CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT
LACKS A BLOOD
SUPPLY*
HYALINE CARTILAGE APPEARANCE
• CLEAR MATRIX WITH SCATTERED
GROUPS OF CELLS IN
LACUNAE(CAPSULES) THAT ARE
OFTEN PAIRED
HYALINE CARTILAGE LOCATION
• MOST ABUNDANT TYPE OF CARTILAGE IN
THE ADULT BODY
• CAPS THE ENDS OF BONES
• FORMS THE INTERNAL FRAMEWORK OF
THE FETUS - LATER REPLACED BY BONE
• ALSO FOUND IN LARYNX, NOSE, RIBS, &
TRACHEA
HYALINE CARTILAGE FUNCTIONS
• SUPPORTS AND REINFORCES BODY
PARTS
• FORMS THE MODEL FOR FUTURE
SKELETON
• PROVIDES SLIPPERY SURFACE
WHERE BONES MEET
ELASTIC CARTILAGE - 100X
•
The large bubbly-looking chondrocytes
make the identification of cartilage
easy. The extensive extracellular matrix
contains darkly-stained elastic fibers.
ELASTIC CARTILAGE - 400x
•
Each chondrocyte fills the lacuna in
which it is imprisoned. As you can see
in this image, the cells often shrink
away from the wall of the lacuna during
slide preparation.
ELASTIC CARTILAGE
• APPEARANCE: MORE OPAQUE
MATRIX WITH SCATTERED GROUPS
OF CELLS AND BRANCHING
ELASTIC FIBERS
• LOCATION: EAR, EPIGLOTTIS
• FUNCTION: PROVIDES FLEXIBLE
STRENGTH & SUPPORT
FIBROCARTILAGE - 100X
•
The large cells with the red-stained
nuclei are the chondrocytes surrounded
by large numbers of collagen fibers.
The two identifying characteristics of
fibrocartilage are the large cells and the
densely-packed collagen fibers.
FIBROCARTILAGE - 400X
•
Chondrocytes are always very large
cells that appear "bubbly". Their large
size allows them to be identified even at
relatively low magnifications.
FIBROCARTILAGE
• APPEARANCE: THICK, COMPACT
PARALLEL COLLAGEN BUNDLES
BETWEEN ENCAPSULATED CELLS
• LOCATION: BETWEEN VERTEBRAE,
KNEE JOINTS, AND PUBIC SYMPHYSIS
• FUNCTION: ABSORBS SHOCK &
PROVIDES HIGH TENSILE STRENGTH
BLOOD
•
400x total magnification reveals the
basic cell characteristics, but an oil
immersion objective is desirable for
accurate identifications. Choose the
individual blood cell types in the main
listing to see the appropriate images.
BLOOD - APPEARANCE
• PLASMA = CLEAR LIQUID MATRIX
• CORPUSCLES = SOLIDS FLOATING
IN PLASMA (RED BLOOD CELLS,
WHITE BLOOD CELLS, PLATELETS)
BLOOD - LOCATION
• CONTAINED WITHIN BLOOD
VESSELS & HEART ( CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM)
BLOOD - FUNCTIONS
• TRANSPORT
BONE - 100X
•
The large central canal contains blood
vessels and nerves. The osteocytes
reside in their lacunae. The lamellae, or
"growth rings" remind one of the
appearance of a log cut in cross section.
The hair-like canaliculi are tiny canals
that contain the extensions of the
osteocyte.
BONE - 400x
BONE - APPEARANCE
• MOSTLY SOLID MATRIX WITH
SCATTERED CELLS
BONE - LOCATION
• SKELETON
BONE - FUNCTIONS
• SUPPORT & PROTECTION
The End