Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
The Human Body: The Excretory System Textbook Chapter 34 Review Topic 1 Function • Removes toxins and wastes which build up in the body as a result of metabolism • Regulates the amount of fluid and salts in the body and maintains pH of the blood • Helps regulate homeostasis Parts • Lungs • Excretes carbon dioxide • Skin • Excretes water and salts contained in sweat • Kidneys • Major excretory organ in the body Kidneys • Bean-shaped • Filters out wastes, water and salts from the blood • Two regions • Renal cortex ~ outer region • Renal medulla ~ inner region • Contains microscopic tubules and blood vessels • Renal pelvis ~ center of kidney where these filters are found • Nephron filtration • Each kidney has 1 million filtering units called nephrons • Blood enters each Nephron through a long tube surrounded by capillaries called a glomerulus • Surrounded by the Bowman’s capsule • Renal artery transports nutrients and wastes to the kidney • Branches into smaller blood vessels forming the glomerulus • Blood vessel walls are thin and under high pressure • Urea ~ nitrogenous waste product containing water and substances dissolved in water • Pushed through capillary walls into the Bowman’s capsule • Red blood cells and proteins are too large and remain in the blood stream • Reabsorption/formation of urine • Filtrate collects in the Bowman’s capsule and flows through renal tubules (loop of Henle and collecting tubule) • Most water and useful substances (ex. glucose, minerals) are reabsorbed back into blood stream (reabsorption) • Excess fluids and toxic substances are collected to form urine • Leaves the kidneys through ducts called ureters • Urine is stored in the urinary bladder • Exits the body through the urethra • Each kidney filters 180 L of blood a day in adults to produce 1.5 L of urine • Process requires large amounts of energy • Use 20-25% of your body’s oxygen intake for their internal energy requirements! • Controls pH balance by absorbing or filtering out acids or bases to regulate pH of the blood • Urinary System BrainPop Kidney Disorders • Infections • Start as bladder infections which spread to kidney • Fever, chills, mid-/lower-back pain • Can be caused by blockages • If untreated, kidneys can scar causing a loss in function • Can be treated with antibiotics • Nephritis • Inflammation (painful swelling) of the glomeruli • Cause by blockages • Blood in urine, swelling of body tissues, protein in urine • Can improve on its own but may require a special diet or prescription drugs to treat the infection • Kidney Stones • Crystallized solid (calcium compound) which forms in the kidney • Small stones can be passed out in urine • Larger stones are broken up using ultrasonic sound waves or removed using surgery • Diabetes/High Blood Pressure • Causes reduced kidney function or kidney failure • Illegal/Prescription Drugs • Can cause kidney damage Treatments • Dialysis • An artificial kidney machine filters out wastes and toxins from a patient’s blood • Two types • Blood is passed through the machine temporarily to be filtered and cleaned, then returned (3-4 hours/3 days week) • Membrane lining the abdomen acts as an artificial kidney by injecting it with a special fluid through a small tube attached to the patients body to collect draining wastes (3040 min/daily)