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AIM: How does excretion in humans remove harmful wastes? How is the circulatory system connected to the excretory system? How is the circulatory system connected to the excretory system? •The circulatory system transports the metabolic wastes from the body cells to the various excretory organs What is the life process of excretion? • The removal of metabolic wastes produced by the body cells How is excretion different from egestion? • Egestion – the removal of the wastes of digestion – FECES What are the five major waste products produced by your cells? • • • • • Carbon Dioxide Water Salts (minerals) Urea Heat How do these wastes move from the body cells to your excretory system organs? • The Circulatory System! What are the major organs of the Excretory System? • Kidney • Skin • Lungs • Liver How does the Skin aid in the removal of wastes? • Perspiration: Gets rid of water, salt, and heat • Has 2 to 5 million sweat glands Sweat Gland Blood Vessels How do the Lungs aid in the removal of wastes? • Exhalation • Excretes water, CO2, and heat How do the Kidneys aid in the removal of wastes? • Produce urine and regulate water/salt balance in the blood. • **major organ of the excretory system** What is the major filtering unit of the kidney? The Nephron Each kidney is made of 1 million nephrons to filter the blood Description/Function A Tiny ball of capillaries located at the beginning of eachGlomerulous nephron (site of filtration) B Cup-shaped portion of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulous (site of Bowman’s Capsule filtration) C Site of Reabsorption and Secretion B A Loop Of Henle D E All remaining substances in the nephron enter here; Filtrate is now called Urine Collecting Duct (Excretion) E Transports unfiltered blood to the kidney; enables diffusion/active transport of Blood Vessels substances into/out of nephron; Transports filtered blood back to the heart C D The Nephron Nephron Will blood cells andBlood Processing: proteins be filtered 1)Filtration: into the nephron? Arteries transport blood to the kidney (nephron) Urea, water, Glucose, and No!! Way salts (minerals) are filtered too Big!!! out by diffusion/active transport Nephron Blood Processing: 1)Reabsorption: Substances still needed by the body are removed from the filtrate and reenter the blood via diffusion/active transport Ex: glucose, water, minerals (NOT urea) Nephron Blood Processing: 3)Secretion: Kidneys remove certain substances from the blood and add them to the filtrate. Ex: Salts, Water Nephron Blood Processing: 4)Excretion: Urine has been formed! Will be moved to the bladder to be excreted from the body The Nephron The Nephron C D B E A F What is urine? •The sterile fluid produced by the kidneys •Mostly water but contains urea and salts How does the LIVER aid in the removal of wastes? •Produces urea from breaking down amino acids (ammonia to urea) What are the major organs of the urinary system? • Kidneys – produce urine • Ureters – carries urine from the kidneys to bladder • Bladder – stores urine • Urethra – releases the urine The Urinary System How does our excretory system help maintain homeostasis? • Temperature balance • Water balance • Waste balance Diabetes Insipidus What is it? Excretion of large amounts of watery urine Unquenchable thirst What Causes It? Kidney is not reabsorbing water Back into the bloodstream How do you treat it? Medicine Kidney Stones Kidney Stones What Causes It? Not drinking enough water to dilute the minerals/salts being filtered out What is it? Urine is extremely concentrated forming crystallized stones which can block the urinary tract How do you treat it? Some pass through the urinary tract, surgery, shock wave therapy Shock Wave Therapy Who gets kidney stones? • For unknown reasons, the number of people in the United States with kidney stones has been increasing over the past 20 years. • White Americans are more prone to develop kidney stones than African Americans. • Stones occur more frequently in men. • Kidney stones strike most typically between the ages of 20 and 40. • Once a person gets more than one stone, others are likely to develop. Kidney Failure What Causes It? Traumatic injury, Drugs/Toxins, Infection, high blood pressure, and diabetes What is it? Low rate of filtration; nephron’s are not working properly in both kidneys How do you treat it? Dialysis; Kidney Transplant Dialysis