Download Circulation and Gas Exchange

Survey
yes no Was this document useful for you?
   Thank you for your participation!

* Your assessment is very important for improving the work of artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project

page
1
page
2
page
3
page
4
page
5
page
6
page
7
page
8
page
9
page
10
page
11
page
12
page
13
page
14
page
15
page
16
page
17
page
18
page
19
page
20
page
21
page
22
page
23
page
24
page
25
page
26
page
27
page
28
page
29
page
30
page
31
page
32
page
33
page
34
page
35
page
36
page
37
page
38
page
39
page
40
page
41
page
42
page
43
page
44
page
45
page
46
page
47
page
48
page
49
page
50
page
51
page
52
page
53
Document related concepts
no text concepts found
Transcript 
Circulation
Circulation
Invertebrates:
Gastrovascular cavity
or
circulatory system
Circulation
Circulation
Gastrovascular Cavity
Circulation
Open Circulatory System
Circulation
Open Circulatory System
Circulation
Closed Circulatory System
Circulation
gills
body tissues
Circulation
lungs
body
tissues
Circulation
Circulation
Why?
Circulation
Why is each one an improvement?
head and arms
lungs
digestive tract
& liver
kidneys
trunk & legs
Circulation
Some vocabulary:
atrium
SA node
ventricle
AV node
aorta
systole
superior vena cava diastole
inferior vena cava
stroke volume
pulmonary artery
heart murmur
septum
lymph
semilunar valves
What’s in blood?
Plasma:
•Mostly water
•Ions (Na, K, Ca,
Mg, Cl, CO3)
•Proteins
•Food & waste
•Gasses
•Hormones
Cellular elements:
•Red blood cells
(transport)
•White blood cells
(immune)
•Platelets
(clotting).
Clotting:
Clotting:
fibrinogen
Clotting:
prothrombin
Clotting:
platelets
Clotting:
torn edge
Clotting:
1. Platelets adhere to
collagen fibers in
damaged tissue.
Clotting:
2. Platelets form
a temporary plug.
Clotting:
3. Platelets release
clotting factor
Clotting:
3. Platelets release
clotting factor
4. Clotting factor
turns prothrombin
into thrombin
Clotting:
3. Platelets release
clotting factor
4. Clotting factor
turns prothrombin
into thrombin
5. Thrombin turns
fibrinogen into
fibrin
Clotting:
6. Fibrin reinforces
the clot
Clotting:
6. Fibrin reinforces
the clot
Why?
Clotting:
6. Fibrin reinforces
the clot
Why have so
many steps in the
clotting process?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Clotting:
Platelets adhere to collagen
fibers in damaged tissue
Platelets form a plug
Platelets release clotting factors
Clotting factors turn prothrombin
into thrombin
Thrombin turns fibrinogen into
fibrin
Fibrin reinforces clot.
Diseases of the Circulatory System:
atherosclerosis (narrowing)
arteriosclerosis (hardening)
hypertension (high blood pressure)
HDL & LDL (good & bad cholesterol)
heart attack
stroke
hemophilia.
A Few Facts About Respiration:
Countercurrent Exchange
Oxygen flows down a concentration
gradient from water or air into blood.
A Few Facts About Respiration:
Countercurrent Exchange
Oxygen flows down a concentration
gradient from water or air into blood.
Seawater
Fish Blood
A Few Facts About Respiration:
Countercurrent Exchange
Oxygen flows down a concentration
gradient from water or air into blood.
100 % saturation
10 % saturation
A Few Facts About Respiration:
Countercurrent Exchange
Oxygen flows down a concentration
gradient from water or air into blood
100 % saturation
10 % saturation
A Few Facts About Respiration:
Countercurrent Exchange
Water flows over the gills
Blood flows through the gills
100 % saturation
10 % saturation
A Few Facts About Respiration:
Countercurrent Exchange
Gas exchange stops when the
saturation levels equalize.
100%
10%
A Few Facts About Respiration:
Countercurrent Exchange
Gas exchange stops when the
saturation levels equalize.
100% 80%
10% 30%
A Few Facts About Respiration:
Countercurrent Exchange
Gas exchange stops when the
saturation levels equalize.
100% 80% 60%
10% 30% 50%
A Few Facts About Respiration:
Countercurrent Exchange
Gas exchange stops when the
saturation levels equalize.
100% 80% 60% 55%
10% 30% 50% 55%
A Few Facts About Respiration:
Countercurrent Exchange
Gas exchange stops when the
saturation levels equalize.
100% 80% 60% 55% 55%
10% 30% 50% 55% 55%
A Few Facts About Respiration:
Countercurrent Exchange
Gas exchange stops when the
saturation levels equalize.
55%
A Few Facts About Respiration:
Countercurrent Exchange
But when blood flows the opposite
way from water…
A Few Facts About Respiration:
Countercurrent Exchange
But when blood flows the opposite
way from water…
100%
10%
A Few Facts About Respiration:
Countercurrent Exchange
But when blood flows the opposite
way from water…
100% 80% 60% 40% 20%
10%
A Few Facts About Respiration:
Countercurrent Exchange
But when blood flows the opposite
way from water…
100% 80% 60% 40% 20%
90% 70% 50% 30% 10%
A Few Facts About Respiration:
Countercurrent Exchange
The concentration gradient is
maintained along the entire length.
100% 80% 60% 40% 20%
90% 70% 50% 30% 10%
A Few Facts About Respiration:
Countercurrent Exchange
The concentration gradient is
maintained along the entire length.
90%
A Few Facts About Respiration:
Ventilation of the Lungs
•Mammals use negative pressure
•Amphibians use positive
pressure
•Birds breathe through hollow
bones as well as through lungs.
A Few Facts About Respiration:
Hemoglobin
•Efficient carrier of oxygen
•Ours contains iron; mollusks’
contains copper
•The Bohr shift.
Why?
Why lower the affinity of
hemoglobin for oxygen
when pH goes down?
.
Related documents