Download Blood Fact - Fulton County Schools

What do we know about
blood?
Different
blood
types
Pumped
by the
heart
Travels
thru
veins &
arteries
Transports
gasses and
nutrients
Different
types of
blood cells
Can’t
LIVE
without
it
leukocytes
erythrocytes
Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
Red blood cells carry oxygen to body tissues and remove
carbon dioxide
They are red because they contain a protein called
hemoglobin that is red in color
Red blood cells are round and thinner in the middle, like a
balloon that is partly filled with water. This lets them
squeeze through tiny blood vessels without breaking
Biconcave shape increases surface area to allow for more
O2 to be carried
Do not have a nucleus
Are made from the red bone marrow
RBCs contain Hemoglobin
Protein that bonds with oxygen when in an oxygen rich
environment
Releases oxygen when reaches tissues low in concentration of
oxygen
For energy RBCs make ATP thru anaerobic processes so it
doesn’t use the O2 it is transporting
Leukocytes (white blood cells)
Function as a defense system in the body
Fight and kills germs that enter the body
Much larger than red blood cells
Fewer WBCs than RBCs
Have a nucleus
Can slip into and out of the blood vessels
Leukocytes (white blood cells)
Theleukocyte
leukocytes pass
out through the
capillary walls & into
the infected tissue
They change shape
to surround the
germs. They
produce enzymes to
kill & digest them.
Leukocytes live for
only a short time.
Dead leukocytes,
dead germs and
liquid form pus in
the infected area
Platelets
Helps with the clotting of blood
Produce tiny fibrin threads allowing them to
stick together
This “web” traps blood cells that harden and
form a scab or clot
Made in the red bone marrow
Platelets
Hemostasis
Blood vessel injury
Vasoconstriction
Platelet plug
A lot of cool biochemistry!
Coagulation occurs
Blood clotting is a positive feedback mechanism
and usually occurs within 3 – 6 minutes
Plasma
Pale liquid portion of the blood – 90%
water
Acts as a solvent
Transports soluble food molecules
Transports waste products
Contains hormones, antibodies,
electrolytes, and plasma proteins
Our blood is a fluid which links together
all the parts & all the organs of the body.
Its main functions include:
• Transport oxygen, waste products and
hormones
• Regulate temperature, helping to reduce
heat by taking blood to the body
surface
• Balance acidity, reducing the effect of
lactic acid (in sporting activities)
• Fight invaders
Blood Fun Facts
The average human has 5 litres of blood
It takes about 20 seconds for a red blood cell to
circle the body
The only part of the body with no blood supply is
the cornea, it take in O2 directly from the air
One cubic milimeter of healthy blood contains
about 5 million red blood cells – this is the
“blood count”
People who live in high altitudes will have a higher
blood count because of the lower O2 levels
Athletes often train at high altitudes to improve
distance race performance
BLOOD DOPING, done by some athletes, mimics
this effect
What is blood doping?
Why would blood doping
give an athlete an
advantage?
Why is it difficult to
test for blood doping?
Why is blood doping
dangerous?
In your composition book create a table
that lists the four major components of
blood, describes their structure and
lists their functions.
Refer to your book pages 340 to 347
What’s your Type?
Blood type refers to features of the
person’s red blood cells called antigens
The ABO blood groups are the features most people
know about
In this group, there are 4 different types of red blood
cells -- A, B, AB, and O each are a different antigen
Type O is the most common (~45%); type AB is the
least common (~4%)
Type O blood can be given to all blood types
What’s your Type?
Blood types are also grouped as to whether
or not the RBC has the “D antigen”
AKA the Rh factor, the “D antigen” is
named for the Rhesus monkey in which it was first
discovered
People who have the “D antigen” are Rh positive.
People who lack the “D antigen” are Rh negative.
Most people are Rh positive
Rh negative blood can be transfused into either Rh type
Why can’t someone with type B- blood be given
type A+ blood?
O+
OA+
AB+
BAB+
AB-
38%
7%
34%
6%
9%
2%
3%
1%
O- is called the universal donor because it can be
given to ALL blood types- explain
Circulation
AHS
A
H
S
Your body resembles a large roadmap.
There are routes or “arteries” that
take you downtown to the “heart” of
the city and “veins” that take you to
the outskirts of town.
Blood Vessels : One Way Streets
Blood Vessels resemble very long
and skinny tunnels that are all
through your body
Arteries carry blood away from
the heart
Veins carry blood to the heart
Capillaries connect the two and
are the drop off & pick up
point
Vessel walls composed of
elastic fibers and smooth
muscle
Why do you think the muscle is
so much thicker in the
artery?
The elastic fibers increase its
elastic strength & the
smooth muscles can change
the diameter of the lumen
Why would the diameter of the
lumen need to be changed?
NORMAL
CORONARY
ARTERY
Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica externa
Semi-lunar valves stop
the back flow of blood
The leg and abdominal muscles
help blood flow upwards from
the feet to the heart
A Vein –
note the thin wall and the semi-lunar valve
Where substances enter & leave the blood
Large surface area to volume ratio allows rapid diffusion of
substances between blood and cells
No cell in the body is more than 2 cells away from a capillary
cell
Wall is single layer of highly permeable
endothelium
endothelium
(one cell thick)
lumen
Approximately 10 micrometers in diameter
Blood vessels and blood cells:
The body’s transportation system
Arteries
hemoglobin
oxyhemoglobin
oxyhemoglobin
Capillaries
Veins
1. In your composition book create a
table that lists the three major vessels
of the circulatory system, describes
their structure and lists their
functions.
2. Color and label the diagram of an
artery and glue it on the page with
your table.
Refer to your book pages 374 to 377
WE ARE IN THE LIBRARY TOMORROW –
BRING YOUR BOOK!!