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TAKS OBJECTIVE 2:
The student will demonstrate an
understanding of the organization of living
systems.
TEKS OBJECTIVE 10:
The student knows that, at all levels of nature, living
systems are found within other living systems, each
with its own boundary and limits.
(A) interpret the functions of systems in
organisms including circulatory, digestive,
nervous, endocrine, reproductive,
integumentary, skeletal, respiratory, muscular,
excretory and immune
(B) compare the interrelationship of organ
systems to each other and to the body as a whole
Integumentary Systems


Function: Cover and
protect the body,
controls body
temperature,
prevents fluids from
leaving the body
Organs Included:
Skin, hair, nails, sweat
glands, sebaceous (oil)
glands
Skeletal System


Function: Supports the body,
helps with movement and
protects internal organs. Is
responsible for creating blood
cells in red marrow.
Includes: all bones
*Joints= The place where
2 bones meet, allowing the
skeleton to move.
*Ligaments= Bands of
connective tissue that connect
the 2 bones that form joints
Muscular System


Function: Moves food through the
digestive tract, allows for movement and
causes the heart to contract.
Includes: 3 types of muscles*Skeletal muscle - voluntary (can be
controlled) and makes up the muscles that
moves the skeleton. Work like levers with
the skeletal system to move body part.
*Cardiac muscle - involuntary (cannot be
controlled) and makes up the heart muscle.
*Smooth muscle - involuntary and is found
in the walls of the body (ex: stomach,
intestines, blood vessels)
TAKS PRACTICE
Red marrow is the principal tissue that produces red blood cells
in humans. In which body system is red marrow found?
F Integumentary system
G Respiratory system
H Nervous system
J Skeletal system
Remember, the skeletal system is
responsible for red blood cell
production.
Which structure in the upper arm is responsible
for raising the lower arm?
A
B
C
D
1
2
3
4
Flexing the bicep will raise the lower
arm.
The diagram represents a human arm. Which structure
is most responsible for moving the arm to a straighter
position?
A Tendons of origin
B Biceps
C Radius
D Triceps
Flexing the triceps will
lower/straighten the lower arm
Which of the following is directly caused by muscle action?
F Regeneration of nerves
G Healing of wounds
H Release of hormones
J Extension of limbs
Muscles work as levers for body
movement
Nervous System


Function: Carries
information between all
parts of the body and
the brain by electrical
and chemical messages
transmitted by neurons.
Includes: Brain, spinal
cord, and nerves.
Endocrine System


Function: Makes
hormones, controls
growth, metabolism
and reproduction.
The 2nd most
important system.
Includes:
Hypothalamus,
pituitary gland,
thyroid, adrenal
glands and gonads.
In the diagram above, one cell creates and releases chemicals
that travel to a second cell and quickly induce that cell into
action. This diagram represents part of the —
A endocrine system
B skeletal system
C muscular system
D nervous system
Neurons transmit chemical
Messages.
Which of these statements describes one possible interaction
between the endocrine and respiratory systems?
F The heart is composed of muscle tissue.
G Hormones can trigger asthma attacks.
H The rib cage expands to move air into the lungs.
J Blood cells can attack pathogens.
The Endocrine system is responsible
for hormonal release
Pelicans prevent serious wing damage by
entering the water in the manner shown
above. Which two organ systems in the
pelican work together the most to
accomplish this maneuver?
A
B
C
D
Circulatory and nervous systems
Nervous and muscular systems
Muscular and digestive systems
Digestive and circulatory systems
The Nervous system controls all
skeletal muscle action
Circulatory System



Function: Carries nutrients
& oxygenated blood from the
lungs to all the body cells and
removes waste with help
from the protein, hemoglobin.
Includes: Heart, arteries,
veins
Note: Arteries are red and
carry oxygenated blood away
from the heart. Veins are blue,
and carry deoxygenated blood
to the heart for reoxygenation.
Lymphatic/Immune System


Function:
Defends the
body from
disease.
Includes:
Lymph nodes,
tonsils,
spleen,
lymphatic
vessels and
bone marrow.
Respiratory System


Function: Performs gas
exchange: Takes oxygen
from the air/lungs and
delivers it to all body
cells. Removes
poisonous carbon
dioxide from the body.
Includes: Nose, mouth,
pharynx, larynx and
lungs.
Which body system is directly responsible for
delivering nutrients to cells throughout the body?
A Circulatory system
B Integumentary system
C Endocrine system
D Respiratory system
Responsible for carrying
nutrients and oxygenated blood
to body
Hemoglobin carries oxygen to body cells. Which body system
contains hemoglobin?
A
B
C
D
Circulatory system
Respiratory system
Endocrine system
Nervous system
Hemoglobin is the protein that
carries oxygen on red blood
cells
The medulla, part of the brain stem, reacts quickly to increased
levels of CO2 in the blood and stimulates a response from the —
A excretory system
B immune system
C respiratory system
D integumentary system
Respiratory system is
responsible for ridding the
body of poisonous CO2.
Nutrients from digested food move from the digestive system
directly into the —
A circulatory system
B integumentary system
C excretory system
D endocrine system
Responsible for delivering
nutrients to the rest of the body
Digestive System



Function: Breaks down food
to a form the body can use.
Includes: Mouth, esophagus,
stomach, intestine, liver and
pancreas.
Note: There are 2 types of
digestion:
1. Mechanical digestion
(chewing) and
2.Chemical
digestion (stomach acid
breaking down food).
Which system is responsible for producing enzymes
that aid in breaking down substances to be absorbed
for the body’s growth and repair?
F Digestive system
G Reproductive system
H Respiratory system
J Skeletal system
Breaks down food to a form
the body can use
Some organs of the gastrointestinal tract —
A fit in more than one organ system
B perform only one function at a time
C supply the body with platelets
D produce soluble vitamins
Pancreas is part of the
endocrine and digestive
systems
The small intestine is to nutrient absorption as the blood is to
nutrient —
A
B
C
D
assimilation
distribution
regulation
elimination
Blood carries nutrients and
oxygen that are delivered to the
body
How is the circulatory system related to the digestive system?
F The brain stem controls the heart rate.
G Blood carries nutrients to body cells.
H Stomach muscles contract and expand.
J The pharynx is a passageway for air and food.
Blood carries the nutrients
absorbed from the digestive
system
Urinary/Excretory System


Function: Removes
nitrogenous waste from
the body in the form of
urine.
Includes: kidneys,
ureters, bladder and
urethra.
Reproductive System


Function: Produces
offspring
Includes:
*Female - ovaries,
fallopian tubes, uterus and
vagina.
*Male - penis, scrotum,
testes, vas deferens,
prostate and urethra.
VIDEOS\REPRODUCTIVE\Ovaries and Testes Endocrine Glands and Sexual Maturity.asf
A portion of the human excretory system is represented in the
diagram. The order in which urine flows through the system is —
F urethra  bladder  ureter  kidney
G ureter  kidney  bladder urethra
H kidney ureter bladder urethra
J bladder urethra kidney ureter
Some waste in
blood is
collected by
kidneys and
then moved to
exit the body
The diagram illustrates the parts of this flower. Which of these
parts are not directly involved in sexual reproduction?
A Stigma and style
B Sepal and pedicel
C Anther and filament
D Receptacle and ovary
These
structures are
for protection
How is the excretory system most likely to respond when an
animal is thirsty?
F By relaxing the smooth muscles
G By retaining body fluids
H By absorbing heat from lymph glands
J By releasing hormones
The body wants
to keep as many
fluids as
possible until
body fluids are
equalized