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Transcript 
Cardiovascular = Circulatory
System
Blood
Blood

General functions
 Amount of blood
– 5-6 liters in males, 4-5 liters in females
– 8% of body weight
FORMED ELEMENTS

Cells
 45% blood
Erythrocytes = RBCs

4-5 million/mm3
 Hemoglobin
– Iron
– Function
– Color
RBCs

Hemopoiesis
 Erythropoiesis (2 million/second)
 Life span about 120 days
 Destroyed and recycled by liver & spleen
 Erythropoeitin
RBCs

Stay in blood vessels
 ABO system
 Antigen
 Antibody
 A,B,AB,O blood types
RBCs

Rh factor
 Erythroblastosis fetalis
Leukocytes = WBCs

5000-9000/mm3
 Granulocytes
– Neutrophils (pale granules, segmented nucleus,
most numerous, phagocytosis)
– Eosinophils (red granules, segmented nucleus,
phagocytosis, attacks parasites)
– Basophils (purple granules, semented nucleus,
releases histamine & heparin

Agranulocytes
– Lymphocytes (T & B, immunity, round
nucleus)
– Monocytes (bean-shaped nucleus, foamy
cytoplasm, exit bloodstream & enlarge and
become MACROPHAGES)

Life span
 Formation
Function of WBCs

Phagocytosis
– Lytic enzymes
– Macrophages

Antibodies
– Plasma Cells
– Vaccination

T cells
Thrombocytes = Platelets

100,000-300,000/mm3
 Stays in blood vessels
 Life span
 Production in bone marrow
Hemostasis

Vascular constriction
 Platelet plug formation
– ADP
Hemostasis - Coagulation

Conversion to an insoluble fibrin clot
 Clotting factors
 Fibrinogen is converted to Fibrin
 By Thrombin – precursor is prothrombin
 Liver makes clotting factors
 Vitamin K
Coagulation

Extrinsic mechanism
– 15-20 seconds
– Initiates with damaged tissue releasing
thromboplastin

Intrinsic mechanism
– 1-2 minutes
– Hemophilia
Clot Retraction

30-60 minutes later
 Serum
Clot Control

Heparin from mast cells
 Basophils
 Endothelium is smooth
Fibrinolysis

Clot dissolution
 Plasmin
Intravascular Clotting

Thrombus
 Embolus (Embolism)
Plasma

55% of blood
 Water – Over 90%
 Proteins
– Albumin
– Globulin
– Fibrinogin
Interstitial Fluid

Similar to plasma
 Bathes tissues
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